11C- and 18F-Radiotracers for In Vivo Imaging of the Dopamine System: Past, Present and Future

Kilbourn, Michael R.

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9020108

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…We next calculated “binding potential” using obtained parameters for the Hill-fit adsorption processes to predict the adsorption efficacy. Binding potential is a concept and an outcome measurement widely used in radioligand binding studies that are based on equilibrium binding studies [ 63 , 64 ]. Similarly, a comparable concept with a similar mathematical formula “affinity rate” has also been proposed in previous studies for mycotoxin adsorption [ 47 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best-fitting models were then selected for each mycotoxin–adsorbent interaction and used to obtain the parameters to predict a potential efficacy of sequestration ( Table 4 ). For the adsorption processes that were best described by the Hill’s model, the binding potential was then calculated from the obtained parameters according to the following equation [ 64 , 71 ]: Binding Potential = V max /K d …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach

Yiannikouris

Shandilya

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Frequently reported occurrences of deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) in ruminant feed or feedstuff could represent a significant concern regarding feed safety, animal health, and productivity. Inclusion of yeast cell wall-based mycotoxin adsorbents in animal feeds has been a common strategy to mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins. In the present study, an in vitro approach combining adsorption isotherm models and bioassays was designed to assess the efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW), yeast cell wall extract (YCWE), and a postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) products at the inclusion rate of 0.5% (w/v) (ratio of adsorbent mass to buffer solution volume). The Hill’s adsorption isotherm model was found to best describe the adsorption processes of DON, BEA, and CIT. Calculated binding potential for YCW and YCWE using the Hill’s model exhibited the same ranking for mycotoxin adsorption, indicating that BEA had the highest adsorption rate, followed by DON and CIT, which was the least adsorbed. PYCW had the highest binding potential for BEA compared with YCW and YCWE. In contrast, the Freundlich isotherm model presented a good fit for OTA adsorption by all adsorbents and CIT adsorption by PYCW. Results indicated that YCW was the most efficacious for sequestering OTA, whereas YCWE was the least efficacious. PYCW showed greater efficacy at adsorbing OTA than CIT. All adsorbents exhibited high adsorption efficacy for BEA, with an overall percentage average of bound mycotoxin exceeding 60%, whereas moderate efficacies for the other mycotoxins were observed (up to 37%). Differences in adsorbent efficacy of each adsorbent significantly varied according to experimental concentrations tested for each given mycotoxin (p < 0.05). The cell viability results from the bioassay using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) indicated that all tested adsorbents could potentially mitigate mycotoxin-related damage to bovine mammary epithelium. Results from our studies suggested that all tested adsorbents had the capacity to adsorb selected mycotoxins in vitro, which could support their use to mitigate their effects in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach

Yiannikouris

Shandilya

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…Furthermore, in the present study, we did not examine dopamine function in the frontal cortex, due to lower 18 F-DOPA signal reliability in frontal cortical regions when quantified without arterial blood input function 76 , 110 . Therefore, a study using PET tracers more suitable for the measurement of the cortical dopamine system 59 , 111 would be helpful in understanding the relationships between PCI, striatal and cortical dopamine systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A polygenic score indexing a DRD2-related co-expression network is associated with striatal dopamine function

D’Ambrosio

Pergola

Pardiñas

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) is the primary site of the therapeutic action of antipsychotics and is involved in essential brain functions relevant to schizophrenia, such as attention, memory, motivation, and emotion processing. Moreover, the gene coding for D2R (DRD2) has been associated with schizophrenia at a genome-wide level. Recent studies have shown that a polygenic co-expression index (PCI) predicting the brain-specific expression of a network of genes co-expressed with DRD2 was associated with response to antipsychotics, brain function during working memory in patients with schizophrenia, and with the modulation of prefrontal cortex activity after pharmacological stimulation of D2 receptors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the DRD2 gene network and in vivo striatal dopaminergic function, which is a phenotype robustly associated with psychosis and schizophrenia. To this aim, a sample of 92 healthy subjects underwent 18F-DOPA PET and was genotyped for genetic variations indexing the co-expression of the DRD2-related genetic network in order to calculate the PCI for each subject. The PCI was significantly associated with whole striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (p = 0.038). Exploratory analyses on the striatal subdivisions revealed a numerically larger effect size of the PCI on dopamine function for the associative striatum, although this was not significantly different than effects in other sub-divisions. These results are in line with a possible relationship between the DRD2-related co-expression network and schizophrenia and extend it by identifying a potential mechanism involving the regulation of dopamine synthesis. Future studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms implicated in this relationship.

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“…Michael R. Kilbourn [ 4 ] reviewed how positron emission tomography (PET) is used in vivo to image dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. Aspects of DA function that are amenable to PET include dopamine synthesis, vesicular storage, synaptic release, receptor binding and DA transport and reuptake.…”

Section: Review Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine in Health and Disease

Ekker

2021

Biomedicines

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11C- and 18F-Radiotracers for In Vivo Imaging of the Dopamine System: Past, Present and Future

Cited by 13 publications

References 76 publications

Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach

Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach

A polygenic score indexing a DRD2-related co-expression network is associated with striatal dopamine function

Dopamine in Health and Disease

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