118‐year climate and extreme weather events of Metropolitan Manila in the Philippines

Bagtasa, Gerry

doi:10.1002/joc.6267

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Average rainfall per day is 14.19 mm during the rainy season and 2.88 mm during the dry season. Weather data were collected from Bagtasa (2019) and from the Global Summary of the Day archives of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC) (https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/ global-surface-summary-of-the-day-gsod, accessed March 2020).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in humidity widens heat tolerance range of tropical Ceratosolen fig wasps

Gigante

Lim

Crisostomo

et al. 2020

Ecological Entomology

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1. Fig wasps are the obligate mutualistic pollinators of fig trees, which are important components of tropical forests. The stability of these species interactions, in the face of environmental changes, relies heavily on the thermal tolerance of these wasps. 2. This study determined the upper thermal limits of three tropical Ceratosolen fig wasp species. Humidity levels and collection season were varied to determine the effect of water availability on heat tolerance. 3. Wasps were placed in incubators to simulate different temperature regimes (30–45 °C) with varying humidity conditions. Wasp populations from either the dry or wet seasons were tested. Upper lethal temperature was determined by recording wasp survival. 4. All factors (temperature, humidity, season, wasp species, and their interactions) significantly affected wasp longevity. Exposure to high temperatures resulted in a significant decrease in wasp longevity: longest at 30 °C and the ratio decreased rapidly at 40 and 45 °C. An increase in temperature from 30 to 35 °C caused at least a two‐fold reduction in wasp lifespan. More surprisingly, humid conditions allowed survival for two to six times longer than non‐humid conditions in high temperatures (40–45 °C). Wasps obtained during the wet season also survived longer than those from the dry season. Increased water availability (i.e. during wet season and with high humidity conditions) thus increased wasp upper thermal limits. 5. Relative humidity was a strong limiting factor in the heat tolerance of tropical wasps. Persistence of insect species that are narrowly‐distributed will depend on the presence of intact, high‐humidity habitats.

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Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in humidity widens heat tolerance range of tropical Ceratosolen fig wasps

Gigante

Lim

Crisostomo

et al. 2020

Ecological Entomology

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“…Studies on global extreme precipitation events show that the number of global precipitation days is increasing, and regions with increased heavy precipitation are more than those with reduced heavy precipitation [15][16][17]. Precipitation has been on the rise in most parts of the world in the past 30 years [18,19]. Under the background of global warming and the general increase in extreme temperature, the trend of change in China is consistent with that of the whole world, which mainly shows that the cold indices of extreme temperature decrease while the warm indices increase [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variability in Extreme Climate and Potential Driving Factors on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1960–2019

Yan

Cai

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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Global warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events around the world. The extreme climate in plateau and mountainous areas is sensitive and fragile. Based on the software Rclimdex 1.0, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of 27 extreme climate indices at 120 meteorological stations were calculated in Yunnan from 1960 to 2019. The results show that the extreme temperature is rising, and the warming rate at night is higher than that in the daytime. It showed a trend of warming and drying, and precipitation was concentrated into more intense bursts. Extreme temperature cold indices (TX10p, TN10p, FD0, ID0, and CSDI) were negatively correlated with extreme precipitation indices (R × 5day, PRCPTOT, R10 mm, R20 mm, and R25 mm). Extreme temperature warmth indices (TX90p and TN90p) were positively correlated with extreme precipitation indices (R × 5day, CWD, PRCPTOT, R10 mm, R20 mm, and R25 mm). The change rate of extreme temperature does not increase linearly with altitude. The increase in middle-altitude and high-altitude areas is higher than that in low-altitude areas. Compared with ENSO and AO, NAO is a vital circulation pattern affecting the extreme climate in Yunnan. The influence of NAO on Yunnan’s extreme climate indices is most significant in the current month and the second month that follows. NAO was negatively correlated with extreme temperature warm indices (TN90p, TX90p, SU25, and TR20). NAO positively correlates with the extreme cold temperature indices (TN10p and TX10p). Except that ENSO has a significant effect on CDD, the effect of the general circulation patterns on the extreme temperature indices was more significant than that on the extreme precipitation indices in Yunnan. The results of this study are helpful to further understand and predict the characteristics of extreme climatic events and the factors affecting their geographical locations and atmospheric circulation patterns in Yunnan.

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“…Extreme temperature indices were also included, demonstrating that generally, indices relating to T min such as T Nn , T Nx , T N10p , and T N90p with trends equivalent to 0.20, 0.19 (°C/decade), −1.98, and 2.46 (%/decade), respectively, had higher and more significant trends compared to the T max indices such as T Xn , T Xx , T X10p , and T X90p with trends of 0.16, 0.14 (°C/decade), −0.94, and 1.58 (%/decade), respectively. The observed higher trends in the T min ‐related indices compared to T max ‐related indices have been reported in several regions (Manton et al ., 2001; Vose et al ., 2005; Whan et al ., 2014; Keggenhoff et al ., 2015; Cheong et al ., 2018; Bagtasa, 2019; Qian et al ., 2019). They were observed in the global context and in the Southeast Asian region from 1950 to 1993 and 1961 to 1993, respectively (Easterling, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that urbanization impacts night‐time temperatures more than daytime temperatures, furthermore, the trend in rural stations which is almost twice of the global land temperature warming, with approximately 0.15°C/decade difference using 1974–2004 data (Vose et al ., 2005), may have also been influenced by local anthropogenic activities such as biomass burning, transportation, buildings, pollution, and deforestation, to name a few, an important factor that must be considered to interpret how global warming has affected the climate in the Philippines. The observed significant night‐time heating may be an atmospheric response to a less turbulent nocturnal boundary layer (Walters et al ., 2007; Oke et al ., 2017), and an increase in anthropogenic aerosols that act as an absorber of long‐wave radiation from the ground (Rosenfeld et al ., 2014; Bagtasa, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of urbanization on temperature indices in the Philippines

Manalo

Matsumoto

Takahashi

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the effect of urbanization on the surface air temperature (SAT) from 1951 to 2018 in the Philippines. The daily minimum temperature (Tmin) and daily maximum temperature (Tmax) records from 34 meteorological stations were used to derive extreme temperature indices. These stations were then classified as urban or rural based on satellite night‐lights. The results showed a significant difference in the SAT trends between urban and rural stations, indicative of the effect of urbanization in the country. Larger and more significant warming trends were observed in indices related to Tmin than those related to Tmax. In particular, the effects of urbanization were significant in the annual index series of Tmin, diurnal temperature range, minimum Tmin, percentage of days when Tmin was less than the 10th percentile (TN10p), percentage of days when Tmin was greater than 90th percentile (TN90p), and the number of coldest nights. The effects of urbanization were not as clear on the index series of maximum Tmax (TXx), minimum Tmax (TXn), percentage of days when Tmax was less than 10th percentile (TX10p), and the number of hottest days. The effects of urbanization on the annual series of extreme temperature indices were statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, with the exception of Tmax, TXn, TXx, TX10p, and the number of hottest days. Further analysis revealed that the effect of urbanization was the greatest during the DJF (December–January–February) season. These findings serve as a baseline study that focuses on the countrywide effect of urbanization on SAT trends in the Philippines.

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118‐year climate and extreme weather events of Metropolitan Manila in the Philippines

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Increase in humidity widens heat tolerance range of tropical Ceratosolen fig wasps

Increase in humidity widens heat tolerance range of tropical Ceratosolen fig wasps

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variability in Extreme Climate and Potential Driving Factors on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1960–2019

The effect of urbanization on temperature indices in the Philippines

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