11-Mercaptoundecanoic Acid-Functionalized Carbon Dots As a Ratiometric Optical Probe for Doxorubicin Detection

Abstract

A ratiometric optical dual-mode probe was first designed for the detection of doxorubicin (DOX) based on 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-functionalized carbon dots (MUA-CDs). The carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization of m-phenylenediamine and p-aminobenzoic acid, and then it was reacted with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid by the amide reaction to obtain the MUA-CDs. The as-synthesized MUA-CDs have a high fluorescence quantum yield (59.4%) with bright green emission. Based on a specific electrostatic interaction and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between MUA-CDs and DOX, a ratiometric optical dual-mode probe was constructed for the detection of DOX with good selectivity, high sensitivity, and excellent anti-interference performance. When DOX was mixed the MUA-CDs, the fluorescence of the MUA-CDs at 513 nm decreased, while the fluorescence at 590 nm increased. With this information, a ratiometric fluorescent method was established to determine DOX with a linear range and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25–19.96 and 0.66 μM and 50.33–80.88 and 0.23 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, the color of the MUA-CDs varied from colorless to dark yellow in the presence of DOX, and therefore, a ratiometric colorimetric method was applied to determine DOX in a range of 2.50–29.80 μM with a LOD of 0.75 μM. Finally, the as-constructed probe was successfully used to determine DOX in serum, urine, and live cells with satisfactory results. This work will contribute to the specific design of functional CDs and broaden the application of functional CDs in analytical detection and biological imaging.

Luminescent AgGaSe2/ZnSe nanocrystals: rapid synthesis, color tunability, aqueous phase transfer, and bio-labeling application

“…S6 †) can reach over 85% upon the addition of the NCs at a concentration of 100 μg mL −1 . This result is close to that of MUA-functionalized carbon dots at the same concentration reported by Zhang et al, 37 and much higher than that of glutathione-capped CdTe/ZnS NCs at a concentration of 10 μg mL −1 reported by Song et al 14 This suggests the low cytotoxicity of the AgGaSe 2 / ZnSe NCs, which can be attributed to the toxic element free in AgGaSe 2 as well as the effective reduction of cation leakage by the ZnSe shell. Subsequently, the water-soluble AgGaSe 2 /ZnSe NCs (100 μg mL −1 ) were used for intracellular imaging through incubation with HeLa cells directly.…”

Visual Monitoring of Nucleic Acid Dynamic Structures during Cellular Ferroptosis Using Rationally Designed Carbon Dots with Robust Anti-Interference Ability to Reactive Oxygen Species

“…A high-resolution XPS spectrum was analyzed to reveal the forms of the four elements. As depicted in Figure 1e− 42 The deconvoluted Cl 2p spectrum at 198 and 199.5 eV showed the existence of Cl 2p 3/2 and Cl 2p 1/2 , respectively. 43 A systematic study was conducted to gain insight into the optical properties.…”

“…The peak of N 1s was deconvoluted into pyridine N (398.8 eV), amino N (399.7 eV), and pyrrole N (400.5 eV) . CO bonds at 531.4 eV and C–O/C–O–C bonds at 532.6 eV were detected in the O 1s spectrum . The deconvoluted Cl 2p spectrum at 198 and 199.5 eV showed the existence of Cl 2p 3/2 and Cl 2p 1/2 , respectively …”

Ratiometric Fluorescence/Colorimetry/Smartphone Triple-Mode Real-Time Detection of Doxorubicin by Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots

“…Recently, fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have received widespread attention due to their advantages of cost-effective preparation, high water solubility, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. In addition to a wide range of applications like bioimaging, nanomedicines, drug delivery, etc., CDs-based probes have also been used for the detection of ions, molecular substances, etc. − However, limited investigations have been carried out toward the detection of DOX using CDs-based fluorimetric and colorimetric methods. − Hao et al reported polyethylimine-functionalized CDs for the detection of DOX by an inner filter effect (IFE) . Later, nitrogen- and phosphorus-codoped CDs were employed for the sensing of DOX .…”

“…The ratiometric fluorescence detection system has the advantage of multiple fluorescent color changes for easy visualization. Because of its convenience and visual detection, fluorescence/colorimetry dual-mode detection of DOX was developed by Dong and co-workers utilizing 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-functionalized CDs …”