#11: CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN 13 to 15 YEAR OLD BOYS

Wilmore, Jack H.; Constable, Stefan H.; Stanforth, Philip R.; Tsao, Wen-Yi; Rotkis, T. C.; Paicius, R. M.; Mattern, C. P.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198101320-00151

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Physical fitness, on the other hand, has been shown to be inversely related to the level of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors (9), and has recently been associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality (8). However, data from pediatric population on the relationships between the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and CAD risk factors are equivocal (5, 13,16,23,31,33,36,38,42). In addition, many reports on children and adolescents have indicated that CAD risk factors can be identified in relatively young age-groups (7,11,16,18,32,41,42).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, data from pediatric population on the relationships between the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and CAD risk factors are equivocal (5, 13,16,23,31,33,36,38,42). In addition, many reports on children and adolescents have indicated that CAD risk factors can be identified in relatively young age-groups (7,11,16,18,32,41,42). Children who are obese and have a high level of blood pressure and abnormal lipid profile are likely to exhibit these CAD risk factors as they grow older (14,37,39,40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity Patterns and Coronary Risk Factors in Preadolescent Boys

Al-Hazzaa¹,

Sulaiman²,

al-Matar³

et al. 1994

Int J Sports Med

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The relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, daily physical activity, and selected coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors were evaluated in a sample of 91 preadolescent boys. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed (VO2max). Physical activity level was assessed using daytime heart rate telemetry. CAD risk factors included total cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body fat content. The mean value of VO2max exhibited significant negative relationship with body fat percent (r = -0.55). Controlling the effects of age, body mass index and body fat percent resulted in a significant inverse relationship between physical activity and systolic (r = -0.29) and diastolic (r = -0.28) blood pressures. Analysis of data by quartiles revealed significant differences only in body fat percent across fitness categories, while no significant differences were detected in the other CAD risk factors. However, higher HDL-cholesterol and lower triglycerides levels were observed in those boys with higher levels of physical activity. It was concluded that except with body fatness, cardiorespiratory fitness is not strongly associated with lower CAD risk factors, while physical activity level was significantly associated with lower blood pressure level but not with the other CAD risk factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity Patterns and Coronary Risk Factors in Preadolescent Boys

Al-Hazzaa¹,

Sulaiman²,

al-Matar³

et al. 1994

Int J Sports Med

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“…Until now, in several studies [21,24,25,26], measures of children’s peak HR using treadmill and cycle ergometer [13] have been carried out, but hardly any literature exists showing peak HR in relation to children in active play or out of the laboratory. With the present study showing that obese children can reach significantly higher peak HR during active play, compared with treadmill running, the role of conventional laboratory testing to target exercise intensity zones in children could be questioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Obese Children Achieve Maximal Heart Rate during Treadmill Running?

Berntsen

Edvardsen

Gerbi

et al. 2019

Sports

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Objective: Maximal heart rate (HR) is commonly defined as the highest HR obtained during a progressive exercise test to exhaustion. Maximal HR is considered one of the criteria to assess maximum exertion in exercise tests, and is broadly used when prescribing exercise intensity. The aim of the present study was to compare peak HR measurements during maximal treadmill running and active play in obese children and adolescents. Design: Comparison of peak heart rate during active play vs. maximal treadmill running in 39 (7–17 years old, 18 males) obese children and adolescents. Methods: Heart rate was recorded during intensive active play sessions, as well as during a progressive running test on a treadmill until exhaustion. HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and oxygen uptake were continuously measured during the test. The criteria for having reached maximal effort was a subjective assessment by the technician that the participants had reached his or her maximal effort, and a RER above 1.00 or reporting perceived exertion (RPE) above 17 using the Borg-RPE6–20-Scale. Results: Thirty-four children had a RER ≥1.00, and 37 reported a RPE ≥ 17. Thirty-two children fulfilled both criteria. During active play, peak HR was significantly (p < 0.0001) increased (4%) (mean and 95% confidence intervals; 204 (201, 207) beats/min), compared to during maximal treadmill running (196 (194, 199) beats/min), respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that peak heart rate measurements during progressive running to exhaustion in obese children and adolescents cannot necessarily be determined as maximal heart rate.

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Association between risk factors for coronary heart disease in schoolboys and adult mortality rates in the same localities.

Freeman¹,

Weir²,

Whitehead³

et al. 1990

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Risk factors for coronary heart disease were compared in fifth year boys (15-16 years old) from two schools that were chosen from localities with a fourfold difference in adult mortality from coronary heart disease. One school was in an underprivileged urban locality in the area of increased incidence of heart disease ('high risk') and the other in a semirural affluent locality with an incidence of heart disease similar to the national average ('low risk'). Smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, physical fitness, and inactivity were evaluated as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Smoking, increased body fat, poor diet, and physical inactivity were found increased among pupils from the school in the high risk area compared with those in the low risk area. Lipids, maximum oxygen uptake, and hypertension were similar in both schools. The risk of coronary heart disease seems to reflect the adult mortality rates in the area. To reduce the overall incidence of coronary heart disease, health education should be directed towards prevention of smoking, improving diets, and increasing amounts of activity among school children, with special attention directed toward children in regions where there is a high mortality from coronary heart disease among adults.

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#11: CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN 13 to 15 YEAR OLD BOYS

Cited by 3 publications

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity Patterns and Coronary Risk Factors in Preadolescent Boys

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity Patterns and Coronary Risk Factors in Preadolescent Boys

Do Obese Children Achieve Maximal Heart Rate during Treadmill Running?

Association between risk factors for coronary heart disease in schoolboys and adult mortality rates in the same localities.

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