11. Biological control with parasitoids

Machtinger, Erika T.; Geden, Christopher J.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-863-6_11

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…It is estimated that stable flies can cost the livestock industry $2.2 billion per year. Parasitoid wasp species in the genus of Muscidifurax are excellent biological control agents for dipteran filth flies, including house fly, stable fly, Frontiers in Microbiology frontiersin.org horn fly, black dump fly, and flesh fly (Petersen and Currey, 1996;Geden and Hogsette, 2006;Geden and Moon, 2009;Machtinger and Geden, 2018). These parasitoids are more environment-friendly and sustainable, and host flies are not known to develop resistance to them, as they do with chemical insecticides (Oyarzun et al, 2008;Scott et al, 2013).…”

Section: Toward An Ultimate Cure For Nosemosismentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the genome and transmission of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema muscidifuracis

et al. 2023

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IntroductionNosema is a diverse genus of unicellular microsporidian parasites of insects and other arthropods. Nosema muscidifuracis infects parasitoid wasp species of Muscidifurax zaraptor and M. raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), causing ~50% reduction in longevity and ~90% reduction in fecundity.Methods and ResultsHere, we report the first assembly of the N. muscidifuracis genome (14,397,169 bp in 28 contigs) of high continuity (contig N50 544.3 Kb) and completeness (BUSCO score 97.0%). A total of 2,782 protein-coding genes were annotated, with 66.2% of the genes having two copies and 24.0% of genes having three copies. These duplicated genes are highly similar, with a sequence identity of 99.3%. The complex pattern suggests extensive gene duplications and rearrangements across the genome. We annotated 57 rDNA loci, which are highly GC-rich (37%) in a GC-poor genome (25% genome average). Nosema-specific qPCR primer sets were designed based on 18S rDNA annotation as a diagnostic tool to determine its titer in host samples. We discovered high Nosema titers in Nosema-cured M. raptor and M. zaraptor using heat treatment in 2017 and 2019, suggesting that the remedy did not completely eliminate the Nosema infection. Cytogenetic analyses revealed heavy infections of N. muscidifuracis within the ovaries of M. raptor and M. zaraptor, consistent with the titer determined by qPCR and suggesting a heritable component of infection and per ovum vertical transmission.DiscussionThe parasitoids-Nosema system is laboratory tractable and, therefore, can serve as a model to inform future genome manipulations of Nosema-host system for investigations of Nosemosis.

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Section: Toward An Ultimate Cure For Nosemosismentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the genome and transmission of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema muscidifuracis

et al. 2023

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“…Several biological control options are available for the control of house flies. Parasitoid wasps, generally in the genera Muscidifurax and Spalangia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), have been used for fly control (Machtinger and Geden 2018). These parasitoids kill the pupal stage of the developing fly: and while they occur naturally in low numbers, several species can be purchased commercially as part of an augmentative biological control program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of the adult house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and 3 of its principal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to the GHA strain of Beauveria bassiana and 4 isolates from field-collected muscid flies

Pagac,

Geden,

Martin

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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House fly (Musca domestica L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) populations can negatively impact poultry layer facilities, posing a risk to human and animal health and egg food safety. House flies quickly develop resistance to traditional chemical control methods; therefore, improved biological control may provide opportunities for improved integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Biological control methods currently used include augmentative releases of pteromalid pupal parasitoids and application of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. This study used bioassays to compare the impact of different B. bassiana strains on survival of house flies and of 3 species of filth fly parasitoids. The B. bassiana that were compared were 3 new field-collected isolates, an older field-collected isolate (L90), and a common commercially available strain (GHA). Flies and parasitoids were exposed to filter paper treated with 1.5 × 109 spores of each strain and a control. All field-isolated strains induced lower mean survival times in house flies than GHA did. The results for all species of parasitoids demonstrated less difference among the treatment groups and the control than in-house flies. Although there was some effect of B. bassiana exposure on parasitoid mortality, the expected spatial separation of parasitoids from areas of application may offer some protection. Using the most effective tested strains of B. bassiana and filth fly parasitoids jointly could be a biological component of an IPM plan for fly control in poultry facilities.

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“…Laboratory and field studies have indicated that tephritoid flies are susceptible to several pteromalid pupal parasitoids that also commonly attack "filth flies" such as house flies and stable flies [15][16][17]. These parasitoids, mostly in the genera Muscidifurax, Spalangia, and Nasonia, have a wide host range and similar life histories [18]. Female parasitoids deposit venom and either a single egg (solitary species such as Muscidifurax raptor, Muscidifurax zaraptor and Spalangia spp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pupation occurs within the host puparium and adults emerge by chewing and escaping through an emergence hole after ca. 14-28 days at 27 • C, depending on the species [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of Pupal Parasitoids for Control of the Cornsilk Fly Species, Chaetopsis massyla and Euxesta eluta

Allan

Geden

Sobel

2022

Insects

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Cornsilk flies are serious pests of sweet corn through damage to cobs and secondary fungal establishment. As pupae are generally outside the infested cob on the ground, there can be potential for use of pupal parasitoids for control. Two species of gregarious parasitoids, Muscidifurax raptorellus and Nasonia vitripennis, and three species of solitary parasitoids, Spalangia endius, Spalangia cameroni and Muscidifurax raptor, were evaluated against pupae of the two cornsilk fly species, Euxesta eluta and Chaetopsis massyla. House fly pupae, the most common host for most of the parasitoids, were included for comparison. All of the parasitoids killed and successfully parasitized pupae of the two cornsilk fly species at rates that were similar to house fly pupae. Adult parasitoids that emerged from cornsilk fly hosts were somewhat smaller than parasitoids reared from house flies and had proportionally fewer females. These parasitoids, which are widely and commercially available for filth fly control, warrant further consideration for their potential against cornsilk flies in the field.

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11. Biological control with parasitoids

Cited by 17 publications

References 210 publications

New insights into the genome and transmission of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema muscidifuracis

New insights into the genome and transmission of the microsporidian pathogen Nosema muscidifuracis

Susceptibility of the adult house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and 3 of its principal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to the GHA strain of Beauveria bassiana and 4 isolates from field-collected muscid flies

Laboratory Evaluation of Pupal Parasitoids for Control of the Cornsilk Fly Species, Chaetopsis massyla and Euxesta eluta

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