11.1.1 Using Natural Value‐Centric Time Scales for Conceptualizing System Timelines through Epoch‐Era Analysis

Ross, Adam M.; Rhodes, Donna H.

doi:10.1002/j.2334-5837.2008.tb00871.x

Cited by 78 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Using this utility function and the model-derived cost, many diverse SoS designs can be represented on a tradespace. This step of the method can be repeated for a variety of future contexts using an analysis method called Epoch-Era Analysis [8], resulting in a collection of tradespaces representing the SoS performance in different scenarios. Tradespace statistics can be generated over a large number of tradespaces thus obtained, and value robust designs can be identified as the designs that are provide high benefit at low cost for many future contexts [9].…”

Section: The Sos Tradespace Exploration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Attributes for Systems of Systems in Multi‐Attribute Tradespace Exploration

Chattopadhyay

Ross

Rhodes

2010

INSIGHT

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One of the principal value propositions for the creation of Systems of Systems (SoS) is the ability to generate stakeholder value beyond that which can be delivered by a single system or even a collection of systems. The dynamic interactions among the component systems in a SoS make conceptual design decisions for SoS more complex compared to traditional system design. There are several heuristics and qualitative guidelines for designing SoS in the literature, but there is a lack of practical quantitative methods for SoS concept exploration. Development of quantitative methods for SoS conceptual design will greatly improve the ability of decision makers to select SoS designs in the concept design phase that will be value robust over time, by allowing them to consider a larger and more complete set of possible alternative SoS designs than is possible with qualitative methods alone. Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration has been used in the past to compare large numbers of system alternatives on a common cost-utility basis. In this method, the designer elicits the decision maker's needs and formulates these as quantified attributes. The systems are then analyzed in terms of their ability to achieve the desired levels of attribute metrics. SoS-level attribute calculations must reflect component system interactions and emergent SoS-level value, as well as the added costs and benefits in the SoS as compared to that of the component systems operating alone. This paper introduces techniques for the SoS attribute combination modeling within the Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration method when considering SoS with heterogeneous component systems. Combining the attributes for the SoS-level must take into account the nature of the attributes provided by the component systems as well as the concept of operations for SoS. The techniques used for SoS attribute combination are classified according to the level of coordination between the component systems in the SoS. Using the information about the complexity of the method required along with knowledge about the control structure in the SoS, the SoS architect can estimate the added SoS integration costs. The ability to combine attributes contributes an essential constituent for the extension of the tradespace exploration methodology from the single system to the SoS level, allowing for the comparison of many SoS alternatives on a common cost-utility basis.

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Section: The Sos Tradespace Exploration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Attributes for Systems of Systems in Multi‐Attribute Tradespace Exploration

Chattopadhyay

Ross

Rhodes

2010

INSIGHT

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“…The Epoch framework later proposed by Ross and Rhodes (2008) allows the systematic creation of trade-space model(s) to quantify a range of "ilities", such as survivability, adaptability, flexibility, scalability, versatility, modifiability and robustness. Other methodologies did exist previously, such as Real options for flexibility (Saleh et al 2003) but just for a few of these aforementioned criteria.…”

Section: Value As System Flexibility and Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Creation in Complex Supply Chains: The Benefits of a Value Driven Design Approach

Bertoni¹,

Eres²,

Scanlan³

2014

Product Development in the Socio-Sphere

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In the last decade, as the manufacturing companies have reconsidered the overall concept of goods production, their focus shifted from developing 'products' to 'solutions'. In complex supply chains, the combination of products and services that maximize customers' and stakeholders' value can be identified only if manufacturers improve their ability to co-create, establishing more interactive relationships with end users, clients and sub-contractors. Methodologies for Value Driven Design (VDD) are emerging as enablers for cross-functional and cross-organizational knowledge sharing, reinforcing early stages design iterations to emphasize the maturation of the requirements across supply chain levels. This chapter highlights the uptake of VDD in a traditionally protective domain, such as the aerospace sector. It describes methods and tools for value assessment, and points toward the most relevant initiatives in this domain. Eventually, it discusses areas of further research to promote the effective use of the VDD methodology while designing complex engineering systems.

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“…A Pareto Set characterizes those "non-dominated" designs of highest utility at a given cost, across all costs, or those of lowest cost at a given utility, across all utilities. Passive value robustness can be quantified as the Pareto Trace Number, which is the number of scenarios, or "Epochs" [Ross and Rhodes, 2007], whose Pareto Set contains that particular design, reflecting the designs that have the most efficient utility for a given level of resource expenditure. Figure 12 shows the definition along with a tradespace over time plot showing the Pareto Trace designs that remain in the Pareto Sets across various Epochs.…”

Section: Value Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining changeability: Reconciling flexibility, adaptability, scalability, modifiability, and robustness for maintaining system lifecycle value

Ross

Rhodes

Hastings

2008

Systems Engineering

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302

217

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Designing and maintaining systems in a dynamic contemporary environment requires a rethinking of how systems provide value to stakeholders over time. Developing either changeable or classically robust systems are approaches to promoting value sustainment. But, ambiguity in definitions across system domains has resulted in an inability to specify, design, and verify to ilities that promote value sustainment. In order to develop domain-neutral constructs for improved system design, the definitions of flexibility, adaptability, scalability, modifiability, and robustness are shown to relate to the core concept of "changeability," described by three aspects: change agents, change effects, and change mechanisms. In terms of system form or function parameter changes, flexibility and adaptability reflect the location of the change agent-system boundary external or internal respectively. Scalability, modifiability, and robustness relate to change effects, which are quantified differences in system parameters before and after a change has occurred. The extent of changeability is determined using a tradespace network formulation, counting the number of possible and decision maker acceptable change mechanisms available to a system, quantified as the filtered outdegree. Designing changeable systems allows for the possibility of maintaining value delivery over a system lifecycle, in spite of changes in contexts, thereby achieving value robustness.

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11.1.1 Using Natural Value‐Centric Time Scales for Conceptualizing System Timelines through Epoch‐Era Analysis

Cited by 78 publications

References 12 publications

Combining Attributes for Systems of Systems in Multi‐Attribute Tradespace Exploration

Combining Attributes for Systems of Systems in Multi‐Attribute Tradespace Exploration

Co-Creation in Complex Supply Chains: The Benefits of a Value Driven Design Approach

Defining changeability: Reconciling flexibility, adaptability, scalability, modifiability, and robustness for maintaining system lifecycle value

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