10Be and OSL dating of Pleistocene fluvial terraces along the Hongshuiba River: Constraints on tectonic and climatic drivers for fluvial downcutting across the NE Tibetan Plateau margin, China

Yang, Haibo; Yang, Xiaoping; Wei-liang, Huang; Li, An; Hu, Zongkai; Huang, Xiongnan; Yang, Haijun

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106884

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…These characteristics are similar with the terrace formed during 25-15 ka along the rivers to the west of the Bailang River, such as the Maying River (Yang et al, 2018), the Hongshuiba River (Yang et al, 2020), the Beida River (Wang et al, 2020), the Baiyang River (Liu et al, 2019), and the Shiyou River (Hetzel et al, 2006). The incision rate by this late Pleistocene terrace is estimated to be 6-10 mm/a, which is greatly higher than the regional rock uplift rate of 0.5-1.5 mm/a, and the fast incision is attributed to the climate transition after the last glacial maximum (Hetzel et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020). In the upstream of the Bailang River, the luminescence study of T3 yielded an age of 16 ± 1 ka (Zhou et al, 2002), in good agreement with the ages obtained from other rivers for this climatic terrace, and thus we give the age of 16 ± 1 ka for T3.…”

Section: Deformation Of Terrace Surfacessupporting

confidence: 69%

Test on the Reliability of the Subsurface Fault Geometry Estimated by Deformed River Terraces Along the Bailang River, North Front of the Qilian Shan (North West China)

Cao

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The subsurface fault geometry is the base for understanding a process of crust deformation and mountain building. Based on kinematic models for fault-related folds, a geomorphic method is recently applied to estimate the subsurface fault geometry, while the validation on its reliability is lacking. In this study, we surveyed a suit of river terrace surfaces across an active fold at the north front of the Qilian Shan. According to the deformation geometry of the terraces, the fold deformation is interpreted by a listric fault fold model, and based on this kinematic model, the fault geometry underlying the fold is estimated. In comparison between the estimated fault geometry and a seismic reflection profile, we found that the decollement depth and the back thrust are highly consistent with each other. Although some small fault bends or internal shearing cannot be estimated solely by the terrace deformation, the overall fault geometry is successfully revealed by the terrace deformation. Using this fault geometry and the terrace dating results, the region deformation kinematics are re-evaluated, which suggest that the dip slip (in a rate of 1.8 ± 0.4 mm/a) along the decollement is mainly accommodated by two structures, one is the blind-back-thrust fault within the piggy basin in a dip-slip rate of 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/a and another is the thrust and fold at the west portion of the Yumu Shan range.

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Section: Deformation Of Terrace Surfacessupporting

confidence: 69%

Test on the Reliability of the Subsurface Fault Geometry Estimated by Deformed River Terraces Along the Bailang River, North Front of the Qilian Shan (North West China)

Cao

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…We summed up all offsets across each scarp on the young surface to obtain the total vertical offset of the most recent earthquake. the terrace will be higher as the number becomes larger in this study) attest to the tectonic activity in the area (Yang et al, 2020). Fault scarps are 20 and 40 m high on the terraces T5 and T6, respectively.…”

Section: Hongshuiba River Sitesupporting

confidence: 59%

Re-Evaluating the Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the AD 1609 M7 1/4 Hongyapu Earthquake Along the Northern Margin of the Qilian Shan, NW China: Implications for Thrust Fault Rupture Segmentation

Huang

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Hexi Corridor is located beyond the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and it is bounded by a series of active thrusts along the northern margin of the Qilian Shan and the southern piedmont of the Longshou Shan. Historically, five destructive earthquakes have occurred along the Hexi Corridor, which indicates that this region poses high potential seismic risks. The 1609 Hongyapu earthquake occurred along the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi fault in the northern Qilian Shan, China, and it killed more than 840 people and destroyed a large number of buildings. Presently, there are different opinions as to the distribution and length of the surface rupture of this event along the Fudongmiao–Hongyazi fault. Thus, we searched all of the fault scarps on the Holocene surfaces and suspected surface rupture locations related to the 1609 earthquake based on previous studies and developed detailed remote-sensing interpretations along the fault. An abundance of north-facing scarps on the younger fans and terrace faces, slightly higher than the active modern stream bed, were found along the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi fault in the area ranging from the Hongshuiba River (39.52°N, 98.41°E) in the west to the Shuiguan River (39.07°N, 99.37°E) in the east. Based on our research, we estimate a surface rupture length as ∼98 km based on the distribution of the fault scarps on Late Holocene surfaces and constraints provided by age dating. Most of the surface ruptures are preserved as fault scarps and indicate an average vertical surface offset of ∼1.0 m, a value found consistently in three segments of the fault. The surface rupture features indicate that segments of the fault ruptured together coseismically during the 1609 earthquake, i.e., a multisegment rupture. Using the surface fault traces, length of 98 or 90 km (without the Shuiguan River section), dip of 30° inferred from previous reflection profiles, a rigidity of 3.3 × 1010 N/m2, and dip slip average as 1.9 m converted from our observations of the offsets, we computed the magnitude of this event as ca. Mw 7.2–Mw 7.4.

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“…Along the west and east portions of the NJSF, the N‐S trending overall crustal shortening rates are both constrained to be ~0.30 mm/a. These rates are significantly lower than fault slip rates calculated for the Qilian fold‐and‐thrust belts on the SW side of the ATF, such as the North Qilian Thrust at an a vertical slip rate of 1.0–1.2 mm/a (e.g., Hetzel et al, , ; Yang, Yang, Huang, et al, , Yang; Yang, Zhang, et al, , and reference therein; Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…These samples were further processed at the Cosmogenic Nuclides Laboratory, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration following standard chemical cleaning and etching procedures of Kohl and Nishiizumi (). Sample processing was detailed in Yang, Yang, Huang, et al () and Yang et al (). The Accelerator Mass Spectrometry measurements were carried out at the Xi'an State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the ASTER Accelerator Mass Spectrometry French national facility (CEREGE, Aix‐en‐Provence).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Regionally Evolving Transpressional Duplex Along the Northern Margin of the Altyn Tagh Fault: New Kinematic and Timing Constraints From the Sanweishan and Nanjieshan, China

Yang

Cunningham

et al. 2020

Tectonics

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In this study, we document the kinematics and Late Quaternary slip rates of actively developing faults and folds on the northern side of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) that accommodate uplift and lateral expansion of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Field observations and detailed measurements using Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle Structure-from-Motion high-resolution imagery of offset fan surfaces, gullies, and channel risers coupled with optically stimulated luminescence and 10 Be ages constrain the timing and slip rates of the Sanweishan Fault (SWSF) and Nanjieshan Fault (NJSF) systems. The NE striking SWSF is characterized by sinistral strike slip with a top-to-the-NW thrusting component. Offset geomorphic markers and dating results yield Pleistocene strike slip and vertical uplift rates of 0.06-1.25 mm/a and 0.05-0.08 mm/a, respectively. The E-W trending NJSF is dominated by north and south directed thrusting and km-scale folding with variable components of sinistral strike slip. The calculated total N-S shortening rate across the NJSF is~0.3 mm/a. Low rates of deformation for the SWSF and NJSF account for less than 10% of the total intraplate strain accommodated along the northeasternmost ATF system. Over a 1,000-km length, the northward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau occurs by progressive northeastward growth of a transpressional duplex rooted SE into the ATF. An assumed crustal strength discontinuity along the northeast trending southern margin of the Tarim Craton focuses oblique convergence along the ATF. Oblique-slip thrusting and sinistral strike slip along the ATF and to the north accommodate the oblique convergence, consistent with the ENE directed geodetically derived crustal velocity field driven by India's continued indentation 1,500 km to the south.

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10Be and OSL dating of Pleistocene fluvial terraces along the Hongshuiba River: Constraints on tectonic and climatic drivers for fluvial downcutting across the NE Tibetan Plateau margin, China

Cited by 34 publications

References 79 publications

Test on the Reliability of the Subsurface Fault Geometry Estimated by Deformed River Terraces Along the Bailang River, North Front of the Qilian Shan (North West China)

Test on the Reliability of the Subsurface Fault Geometry Estimated by Deformed River Terraces Along the Bailang River, North Front of the Qilian Shan (North West China)

Re-Evaluating the Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the AD 1609 M7 1/4 Hongyapu Earthquake Along the Northern Margin of the Qilian Shan, NW China: Implications for Thrust Fault Rupture Segmentation

A Regionally Evolving Transpressional Duplex Along the Northern Margin of the Altyn Tagh Fault: New Kinematic and Timing Constraints From the Sanweishan and Nanjieshan, China

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