1000 spider silkomes: Linking sequences to silk physical properties

Arakawa, Kazuharu; Kono, Nobuaki; Malay, Ali D.; Tateishi, Ayaka; Ifuku, Nao; Masunaga, Hiroyasu; Sato, Ryota; Tsuchiya, Kousuke; Ohtoshi, Rintaro; Pedrazzoli, Daniel; Shinohara, Asaka; Ito, Yusuke; Nakamura, Hiroyuki; Tanikawa, Akio; Suzuki, Yuka; Ichikawa, Takeaki; Fujita, Shohei; Tomita, Masaru; Blamires, Sean J.; Chuah, Jo‐Ann; Craig, Hamish C; Foong, Choon Pin; Greco, Gabriele H.; Guan, Juan; Holland, Chris; Kaplan, David L.; Sudesh, Kumar; Mandal, Biman B.; Norma‐Rashid, Y.; Oktaviani, Nur Alia; Preda, Rucsanda C.; Pugno, Nicola; Rajkhowa, Rangam; Wang, Xiaoqin; Yazawa, Kenjiro; Zheng, Zhaozhu; Numata, Keiji

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo6043

Cited by 48 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Spiders were fed a cricket twice a week. Collection of MA-silk and MI-silk samples was conducted with the forcible silking method [36][37][38] . Spiders were gently immobilized using two pieces of sponge and locked with rubber bands and then placed under a stereomicroscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of force-displacement data and calculation of mechanical properties were conducted as previously described 38 . Significant digits of mechanical properties were determined in accordance with a previous report 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supercontraction of MA-silk and MI-silk was evaluated according to a previous method. 28,37 Test pieces were prepared by cutting fragments of 5 to 10 cm (L 0 ) from MA-silk and MI-silks reeled from A. ventricosus . Small pieces of masking tape were affixed on either end of the test pieces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition of minor ampullate silk makes its properties different from those of major ampullate silk

Nakamura

Kono

Mori

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Spider's minor ampullate silk, or MI-silk, exhibits distinct mechanical properties and water resistance compared to its major ampullate counterpart (MA-silk). The principal protein constituent of MI-silk is known as minor ampullate spidroin, or MiSp, and while its sequence has been deciphered and is thought to underlie the differences in properties with MA-silk, the composition of MI-silk and the relationship between its composition and properties remain elusive. In this study, we set out to investigate the mechanical properties, water resistance, and proteome of MA-silk and MI-silk from Araneus ventricosus and Trichonephila clavata. We also synthesized artificial fibers from major ampullate spidroin, MaSp1 and 2, and MiSp to compare their properties. Our proteomic analysis reveals that the MI-silk of both araneids is composed of MiSp, MaSp1, and spidroin constituting elements (SpiCEs). The absence of MaSp2 in the MI-silk proteome and the comparison of the water resistance of artificial fibers suggest that the presence of MaSp2 is the reason for the disparity in water resistance between MI-silk and MA-silk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Composition of minor ampullate silk makes its properties different from those of major ampullate silk

Nakamura

Kono

Mori

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, arachnids are prolific producers of biomaterials most notable among which are venoms and silks (Foelix, 2011). The variety of such biomaterials (Sethy and Ahi, 2022), and their genetic underpinnings (Arakawa et al, 2022;Babb et al, 2022)-most of which remain largely unknown (e.g. we know only a handful of the likely hundreds of thousands of silk types produced by tens of thousands of species)represent underappreciated dimensions of biodiversity.…”

Section: Grand Challenge 1 Assess Arachnid Species Richness For Compa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in research on arachnid diversity, conservation, and biogeography

Agnarsson

2023

Front. Arachn. Sci.

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“…Frontiers in Arachnid Science frontiersin.org (Arakawa et al, 2022). This study launched the Spider Silkome Database (https://spider-silkome.org/), a new, vast resource that could help to identify applications for silks of a particular species, gland, and sex.…”

Section: Grand Challenge 3: Interpret Arachnid Trait Evolution Throug...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The seven grand challenges in arachnid science

Kuntner

2022

Front. Arachn. Sci.

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This perspective identifies the grand challenges in arachnid science: 1. Grasp the arachnid species diversity. There is a need to accelerate taxonomic research to obtain a sense of arachnid species diversity, however, at the same time, taxonomy needs to increase its quality, rigor, and repeatability. 2. Standardize arachnid systematics research. A solid phylogenetic definition and morphological diagnosis of Arachnida and its composing subgroups, usually treated at the rank of order, are needed. Studies should aim to stabilize and standardize phylogenetic efforts at all levels of hierarchy, and systematists should adopt criteria for higher level ranks in arachnid classification. 3. Interpret arachnid trait evolution through omics approaches. Among the field’s grand challenges is to define the genetic diversity encoding for the diverse arachnid traits, including developmental, morphological and ecological characteristics, biomaterials such as silks, venoms, digestive fluids, or allergens and bioproducts that cause diseases. Comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics will provide the empirical basis for biotechnology to modify arachnid genomes to fit numerous applications. 4. Facilitate biotechnological applications of arachnid molecules and biomaterials. Among the grand field challenges is to define potential applications of arachnid bioproducts from therapeutics to industry. New natural and biodegradable products, e.g. from spider silks, should ease our burden on ecosystems. 5. Utilize arachnids as models in ecological and biogeographic research. Biodiversity inventory sampling and analytical techniques should be extended from spiders to other arachnid groups. Spiders and their webs could be used as environmental DNA samplers, measuring or monitoring ecosystems’ overall biodiversity. Arachnids are excellent models to address biogeographical questions at the global to local scales. 6. Disentangle evolutionary drivers of arachnid diversity. Among the field grand challenges is a more precise evaluation to what extent the emergence of arachnid phenotypes is shaped by classical selection processes, and under what conditions, if any, sexual conflict needs to be invoked. 7. Define effective conservation measures for arachnids in the light of global changes. Effective conservation measures in arachnology should integrate the data from phylogenetic diversity, physiology, ecology, biogeography, and global change biology.

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1000 spider silkomes: Linking sequences to silk physical properties

Cited by 48 publications

References 70 publications

Composition of minor ampullate silk makes its properties different from those of major ampullate silk

Composition of minor ampullate silk makes its properties different from those of major ampullate silk

Grand challenges in research on arachnid diversity, conservation, and biogeography

The seven grand challenges in arachnid science

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