1000 MeV Proton beam therapy facility at Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Synchrocyclotron

Relativistic protons for image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery

“…Finally, first tests with animal and anthropomorphic phantoms will be performed at GSI in preparation of the final setup. The encouraging clinical results obtained at PNPI with 1 GeV protons [6] without target imaging, support the rationale for IGSpRS for future clinical applications in radiosurgery at FAIR. This prototype could eventually be adopted by other facilities equipped with high-energy proton and heavy ion synchrotrons in clinical environments.…”

“…For this reason, relativistic protons were proposed for plateau stereotactic radiosurgery already in Berkeley [5]. The only clinical experience comes from St. Petersburg in Russia: more than 1,000 patients have been treated with 1 GeV protons at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) since 1975, and results were reported in the present journal [6].…”

Current and future accelerator technologies for charged particle therapy

“…To make up for this the extracted current from the cyclotron must be corre- Whilst 250 MeV proton energy is accessible from cyclotrons at ever-decreasing cost, they struggle to achieve energies more than this. Whilst experimental (nuclear physics-led) cyclotrons like those at PSI and Gatchina [57] have achieved higher energies than 250 MeV, these accelerators are by no means compact and are unlikely to be suitable for widespread hospital use. These higher energies can find use particularly for diagnostic applications such as proton computed tomography.…”

Technologies for delivery of proton and ion beams for radiotherapy

“…Russian programmes at ITEP and at St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute/CRIRR were also quite successful. 57,58,59,60 Following experiments initiated at NIRS (Chiba) and at Tsukuba at the end of the 1970s, 61,62 Japan has become one of the world's largest users of both proton and heavy ion therapy. 63 Stopped-beam treatments with protons (i.e.…”