100-year-old Hennebique concrete, from composition to performance

Hellebois, Armande; Launoy, Arnaud; Pierre, Christian; Lanève, Michel De; Espion, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.017

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The detailed experimental investigations and modelling are reported in [1,2,3,4]. The main conclusions that could be deduced from these investigations are: -The layout of reinforcement in place, including their section, corresponded very well with the drawings available in the Hennebique archives;…”

Section: First Generation Reinforced Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The concrete strength could be reasonably linked to an estimation of the cement content and the W/C ratio of the mixture [2]. Despite the fact that in 1904 no effective concrete compacting methods were available, concrete was nevertheless of good quality and the carbonation remained limited overall except for some honeycombs;…”

Section: First Generation Reinforced Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Case Studies of Construction History Applied to the Assessment of Engineering Heritage Structures

Espion

Rammer

Hellebois³

et al. 2015

IABSE Reports

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The paper will illustrate the contribution of research into Construction History in condition assessment or residual carrying capacity situations for three old types of concrete constructions. We will address: -the problem of assessing the actual carrying capacity of "Hennebique" reinforced concrete type beams with their characteristic reinforcement system, widespread in many countries before the First World War.-the replacement of the external post-tensioning tendons within a hollow box girder railway bridge built in the early 1960s with the "Blaton-Magnel" anchorage system developed in Belgium from 1941 onwards, and used until the early 1960s, in Belgium and abroad.-the structural assessment of thin concrete hyperbolic paraboloid shells, which were highly popular with architects and engineers in 1950s-1960s.

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Section: First Generation Reinforced Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: First Generation Reinforced Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Case Studies of Construction History Applied to the Assessment of Engineering Heritage Structures

Espion

Rammer

Hellebois³

et al. 2015

IABSE Reports

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“…Historical concrete, i.e. the concrete produced before building codes had been issued or before the provisions of the codes entered the professional and building practice, is somehow more troublesome since it is characterized by large and smooth aggregates [22][23][24], high porosity and high inhomogeneity [25][26][27], all parameters that may significantly affect the compressive strength. All these "defects", and mainly the use of large and smooth aggregates, add further uncertainty to the compressive strength and need a verification if the procedures already tested on modern concrete, although affected by some approximation, may be applied, and to which extent, to historical concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core-to-Cubic Strength Ratio for Historical-Like Concrete

Brencich¹,

Hasweh²,

Pera³

2021

cea

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Coring is considered to provide the best estimate of concrete compressive strength in existing structures and is commonly used to calibrate Non-Destructive and Moderately Destructive Techniques. Historical concrete, produced in the pre-code period until the '20s, significantly differs from modern concrete due to lack of standardization, improper rules of thumbs and to aggregate shape (round, smooth and often excessively large aggregates) and proportioning. Therefore, the applicability of the procedures calibrated on modern concrete to a historical one, also coring, is an issue that needs to be discussed. In this paper, an experimental campaign on historical-like concrete, i.e. with the same defects as historical concrete, aims at identifying the reliability of drilled cores due to the effect of round aggregates. The results show that standard procedures commonly used on modern concrete cannot be directly applied to historical concrete: drilled cores suffer from scale effects (core diameter) and from cutting damage of the material much more than modern concrete. In detail, the core-to-cubic ratio, that modern codes assume in the range 0.70-0.85, due to the dimension and shape of the aggregates is found inside a larger range, 0.70-1.00, and, as opposed to modern concrete, is found to be decreasing as concrete strength increases. Besides, the diameter of the core is found to have a relevant effect on the estimate of the material compressive strength and on the core-to-cubic strength ratio, pointing out that the dimension of the core affects the results much more than for modern concrete. This latter result, which needs further research, points out that historical concretes may be rather different from modern ones and probably need larger cores to be drilled than modern concrete due to the larger dimension of aggregates that are often found in pre-code concrete.

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“…In the literature, it is possible to find many interesting descriptions related to the process of testing and repairing old concrete structures. Hellebois et al [2,3] performed an investigation on hardened concrete samples removed from a narrow-gauge railway viaduct (Colo-Hugues viaduct) built in Belgium in 1904. Mechanical and durability performance of the 100-year-old hardened concrete samples were found to be remarkably good.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of 95-Year-Old Concrete Built-In Arch Bridge

2020

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This research aimed to determine the durability and strength of an old concrete built-in arch bridge based on selected mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the concrete. The bridge was erected in 1925 and is located in Jagodnik (northern Poland). Cylindrical specimens were taken from the side ribs connected to the top plate using a concrete core borehole diamond drill machine. The properties of the old concrete were compared with the present and previous standard requirements and guidelines. The laboratory testing program consisted of the following set of tests: measurements of the depth of carbonated zone and dry density, water absorption tests, determination of concrete compressive strength and frost resistance, determination of modulus of elasticity, measurement of the pH value, determination of water-soluble chloride salt and sulfate ion content, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Large variations in the cylindrical compressive strength (14.9 to 22.0 MPa), modulus of elasticity (17,900 to 26,483 MPa), density (2064 to 2231 kg/m3), and water absorption (3.88 to 6.58%) were observed. In addition to the experiments, a brief literature survey relating to old concrete properties was also conducted. This paper can provide scientists, engineers, and designers an experimental basis in the field of old concrete built-in bridge construction.

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100-year-old Hennebique concrete, from composition to performance

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Three Case Studies of Construction History Applied to the Assessment of Engineering Heritage Structures

Three Case Studies of Construction History Applied to the Assessment of Engineering Heritage Structures

Core-to-Cubic Strength Ratio for Historical-Like Concrete

Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of 95-Year-Old Concrete Built-In Arch Bridge

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