'100% of anything looks good': The appeal of one hundred percent

Li, Meng; Chapman, Gretchen B.

doi:10.3758/pbr.16.1.156

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both of these vaccine descriptions entail the same net reduction in risk of disease, but the former entails the certainty of no risk at all from one disease. Li and Chapman (2009) found a similar 100% effect in descriptions of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. This vaccine is completely effective at preventing infection from the two strains of HPV that are responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases.…”

Section: Individual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This vaccine is completely effective at preventing infection from the two strains of HPV that are responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases. Consequently, the vaccine can be described as “100% effective in preventing virus infections that cause 70% of known cases of a specific type of cancer” or as “70% effective in preventing virus infections that cause all known cases of a specific type of cancer.”Li and Chapman’s (2009) study found that intentions to get vaccinated were higher with the former description that boasts 100% efficacy. Both descriptions, however, were more appealing than one with partial effectiveness against a subset of disease agent (e.g., 82% effective against 85% of virus strains that cause the cancer).…”

Section: Individual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nudge to Health: Harnessing Decision Research to Promote Health Behavior

Chapman

2013

Social & Personality Psych

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review selected literature that examines how biases in decision making can be utilized to encourage individual health behavior, such as vaccination, and promote policy decisions, such as resource allocation. These studies use simple interventions to nudge people towards more optimal health decisions without restricting decision‐makers’ freedom of choice. Examples include framing effects, defaults, implementation intentions, position effects, social norm, incentives, and emotions. We suggest that nudges are an effective way to promote healthy behavior.

show abstract

Section: Individual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Individual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 90%

Nudge to Health: Harnessing Decision Research to Promote Health Behavior

Chapman

2013

Social & Personality Psych

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Kahneman and Frederick (2002), people engage in attribute substitution when they substitute an easy-to-evaluate characteristic for a harder one, even if the easier one is less accurate. For example, people will substitute the less effortful attributes of vividness, stereotype, or affect for the more effortful retrieval of relevant facts (Kahneman, 2003;Li & Chapman, 2009;Slovic & Peters, 2006;Wang, 2009). Stereotypes here represent prototypical exemplars or categories that we hold in memory (Kahneman, 2011).…”

Section: Developmental Trends and Stimulus Equivalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Rational thinking and cognitive sophistication: Development, cognitive abilities, and thinking dispositions.

Toplak

West

Stanovich

2014

Developmental Psychology

123

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied developmental trends in 5 important reasoning tasks that are critical components of the operational definition of rational thinking. The tasks measured denominator neglect, belief bias, base rate sensitivity, resistance to framing, and the tendency toward otherside thinking. In addition to age, we examined 2 other individual difference domains that index cognitive sophistication: cognitive ability (intelligence and executive functioning) and thinking dispositions (actively open-minded thinking, superstitious thinking, and need for cognition). All 5 reasoning domains were consistently related to cognitive sophistication regardless of how it was indexed (age, cognitive ability, thinking dispositions). The implications of these findings for taxonomies of developmental trends in rational thinking tasks are discussed.

show abstract

“…This option may be irrelevant to the relative utility derived from the first two options due to the working of the certainty effect (Tversky & Kahneman, 1986). This means that people tend to over weigh the movement from certainty to probability than a reduction from one probability to another (Li & Chapman, 2009).…”

Section: Classical Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Rationality

Shankar¹

2019

JFRM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since time immemorial, people have made decisions, both big and small based on biased perceptions and faulty cognitive processes. Such perceptions and biases bore a positive correlation to the rate of survival of the individual for a large part of human history. This type of survival strategy owes its roots to the most primal coding in the human brain. While biases may have been a way of life in the past, the increasing complexity of human interactions has resulted in these biases that helped the survival of humans to cause more negative outcomes. Though history is replete with examples of healthcare and economic disasters due to such heuristics, individuals and theorists are often reluctant to make changes in their thinking and theories. This paper explores the biases that plague the risk management sector of the global economy. It primarily deals with four core biases that form the pillars that support the entire mental network of cognitive biases and seeks to identify proactive methods that advisors and investors can use in order to maximise their returns by neutralising the effect of these biases.

show abstract

'100% of anything looks good': The appeal of one hundred percent

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Nudge to Health: Harnessing Decision Research to Promote Health Behavior

Nudge to Health: Harnessing Decision Research to Promote Health Behavior

Rational thinking and cognitive sophistication: Development, cognitive abilities, and thinking dispositions.

Risk and Rationality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About