100 GHz Externally Modulated Laser for Optical Interconnects

Abstract

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Beyond 200 Gbps per Lane Intensity Modulation Direct Detection (IM/DD) Transmissions for Optical Interconnects: Challenges and Recent Developments

“…The DFB-TWEAM operates at C-band and there is a tradeoff between extinction ratio and output power due to level of absorption, which should always be balanced and optimized case by case. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth of the EAM is beyond 100 GHz, and the modulation linearity supporting multilevel modulation formats was verified [10,11]. Besides the DFB-TWEAM, other broadband components of 3-dB bandwidth over 100 GHz are also prototyped during the HECTO project, including limiting driver amplifiers, 2:1 multiplexers and photodetectors [12].…”

Probabilistically shaped amplitude and pulse position modulation based on stepped amplitude probability distribution for optical access networks

“…Driven by such cutting-edge applications as 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), streaming Internet video, and cloud computing, demands for the bandwidth performance of optical access networks are growing continuously. 1,2 Due to its unparalleled advantages of low cost, compact footprint, and low power consumption, intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) is regarded as an ideal choice for the actual application scenario, which is able to boost the transmission rate up to 100 Gb/s or even more. 3 A series of advanced modulation formats based on IM/DD have been extensively applied, such as, discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation, 4,5 carrier-less amplitude/phase (CAP) modulation, 6 and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM).…”

140 Gbaud On-Off Keying Links in C-Band for Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

“…Scaling the baudrate even higher to reduce the cost per bit in highly parallel systems is the way to go 4 . By extensive integration of opto-electronic components one achieves a reduced size and a good power efficiency 3,5 . Furthermore, it is important to reduce the complexity by employing intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD).…”

“…Several attractive technological solutions for the modulator are proposed 5,6 . The C-band enables proportional efficiency in bidirectional bandwidth for intra-datacentres thanks to mature and efficient wavelength division multiplexing technology.…”