“…Prior research on change management in public organizations has identified several factors as antecedents to individuals' response to change, such as context, content, personal factors, leadership, and change process (Ahmad & Cheng, 2018;Kuiper et al, 2014). Among the suggested antecedents, individual disposition or personal characteristics have accounted for significant variance in determining individuals' reactions to change (Ahmad et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021;Hassan, Zhang, Ahmad, & Liu, 2020;Mehboob, Othman, Fareed & Raza, 2022;Mehboob & Othman, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c. It has been noted that the effect of personal factors on employees' reaction to change has not been fully explored in the organizational change literature (Choi, 2011;Oreg, Vakola, & Armenakis, 2011;Rafferty, Jimmieson, & Armenakis, 2013).…”