Cough: neurophysiology, methods of research, pharmacological therapy and phonoaudiology

Balbani, A. P. S.

doi:10.7162/s1809-97772012000200016

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…10 The survey consisted of a discrete choice experiment estimating the WTP for a hypothetical remedy 11 able to reduce the number of days with dry cough. Thus, its main particularity was the focus on one single respiratory symptom, which was selected from medical literature due to its high recurrence across respiratory illnesses [ 58 , 59 ]. 12 Dry cough was considered because its suppression is more commonly targeted by treatment than wet (with phlegm) cough [ 62 – 64 ], which made the selection of the attributes of the remedy easier (with antitussive drugs being the focus).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of respiratory health care demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

2022

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Background The scarce knowledge about the drivers of demand for respiratory health care in the Brazilian Amazon, where the gap of human and physical health care resources is wide, is expanded with two surveys conducted in the west of the region, in Acre state. Potential drivers, informed by a review of twelve recent papers, were classified into seven categories capturing the individual, household, community and macroeconomic dimensions. Methods Quantitative field surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2019 based on coupled conglomerate-quota randomization sampling. Adults responded about their own health or their children’s health. The probability of seeking physician care for the latest episode of respiratory illness or dry cough was analysed with multiple nonlinear regressions, having as covariates the potential predictors informed by the literature. Results The propensity to seek health care and to purchase medication was larger for children. Influenza-like illness (Despite the exact diagnostic stated by respondents being “influenza”, a virus detection test (such as the PCR test) is not commonly applied, as informed by the Acre state public health service. In consistency, the term “influenza-like illness” is used.) was the most frequently diagnosed disease, followed by pneumonia, suggesting that a health care-seeking rate below 40% may perpetuate health impairment and local contagion. Illnesses’ severity, including the pain experienced, was the main predictor, revealing that subjective perception was more influential than objective individual and household characteristics. Conclusions The results suggest that subjective underestimation of respiratory illnesses’ consequences for oneself and for local society could prevent health care from being sought. This is in line with some previous studies but departs from those emphasizing the role of objective factors. Social consequences, of, for instance, a macroeconomic nature, need to be highlighted based on studies detecting long-run relationships among health care demand, health and economic performance at the national level. Depending on the intensity of the trade-off between the costs imposed on the health system by increased demand and on the economy by the reduced productivity of the ill, policy could be adopted to change subjective perceptions of illnesses with nudges and educational and informational interventions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of respiratory health care demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

2022

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“…Cough-related symptoms are associated with several respiratory infections [25]. A single cough event is composed of three distinct mechanisms: explosive, intermediate, and voiced [26].…”

Section: Scientific Background a Covid-19 Biological Impact On Respir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically Relevant Sound-Based Features in COVID-19 Identification: Robustness Assessment With a Data-Centric Machine Learning Pipeline

et al. 2022

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As long as the COVID-19 pandemic is still active in most countries worldwide, rapid diagnostic continues to be crucial to mitigate the impact of seasonal infection waves. Commercialized rapid antigen self-tests proved they cannot handle the most demanding periods, lacking availability and leading to cost rises. Thus, developing a non-invasive, costless, and more decentralized technology capable of giving people feedback about the COVID-19 infection probability would fill these gaps. This paper explores a sound-based analysis of vocal and respiratory audio data to achieve that objective. This work presents a modular data-centric Machine Learning pipeline for COVID-19 identification from voice and respiratory audio samples. Signals are processed to extract and classify relevant segments that contain informative events, such as coughing or breathing. Temporal, amplitude, spectral, cepstral, and phonetic features are extracted from audio along with available metadata for COVID-19 identification. Audio augmentation and data balancing techniques are used to mitigate class disproportionality. The open-access Coswara and COVID-19 Sounds datasets were used to test the performance of the proposed architecture. Obtained sensitivity scores ranged from 60.00% to 80.00% in Coswara and from 51.43% to 77.14% in COVID-19 Sounds. Although previous works report higher accuracy on COVID-19 detection, this research focused on a data-centric approach by validating the quality of the samples, segmenting the speech events, and exploring interpretable features with physiological meaning. As the pandemic evolves, its lessons must endure, and pipelines such as the proposed one will help prepare new stages where quick and easy disease identification is essential.

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“…2 in Vos et al, 2020), the same being true in Brazil where they are the third main cause of mortality (DATASUS, 2021b). A recent large international survey, conducted by Velden et al (2020), with 5,196 individuals from seven developed and seven developing countries including Brazil, estimated that only 30% of patients with sore throat, a symptom associated with In uenza-like illnesses and acute respiratory illnesses (Zhang et al, 2020), seek a general practitioner. Similarly high rates of refusal and also delay in seeking care were found in national-level surveys (Datiko et al, 2020, Seid and Metaferia, 2018, Zhang et al, 2020, Suka et al, 2016.…”

Section: Background 20 Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of respiratory healthcare demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Morello

Lima

Silva

2021

Preprint

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1.1 BackgroundThe scant knowledge on drivers of demand for respiratory healthcare in Brazilian Amazon, where the gap of human and physical healthcare resources is wide, is expanded with two surveys conducted at the west of the region in Acre state. Potential drivers, informed by a review of twelve recent papers, were classified in seven categories comprising the individual, household, community and macroeconomic dimensions.1.2 MethodsOn-field quantitative structured surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2019 based in coupled conglomerate-quota-randomization sampling, with support of community health agents. Adults responded about their own or their children’s health. Whether physician care was sought to treat the latest episode of respiratory illnesses or of dry cough was analysed statistically with multiple non-linear regressions having as covariates the potential predictors informed by literature.1.3 ResultsThe propensity to seek healthcare and to purchase medication was larger when targeting children rather than adults. Influenza was the most frequent cause of latest episodes of respiratory illnesses and dry cough, what makes the below-40% healthcare seeking rate worrying as it may sustain a considerable local contagion rate. Illnesses’ severity, including the pain experienced, were the main predictors, revealing that subjective perception exerted stronger influence than objective individual’s and households’ characteristics. The insignificance of education indicated that it was not the sole determinant of health literacy, the latter a more important driver, according to literature. Income was insignificant due to respondents relying almost uniquely on free healthcare offered by the Brazilian Health System.1.4 ConclusionsResults suggest that subjective underestimation of respiratory illnesses’ consequences for oneself and for local society could motivate a refusal to seek treatment. This is in line with some previous studies but departs from those overemphasizing the role of objective factors. Social consequences, of, for instance, macroeconomic nature, needs highlighting, based on studies detecting a long-run relationship between healthcare demand, health and economic performance at national level. Microeconomic behavioural policy is needed to change subjective perceptions of symptoms and illnesses with nudges and educational interventions.

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Cough: neurophysiology, methods of research, pharmacological therapy and phonoaudiology

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Drivers of respiratory health care demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Drivers of respiratory health care demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Clinically Relevant Sound-Based Features in COVID-19 Identification: Robustness Assessment With a Data-Centric Machine Learning Pipeline

Drivers of respiratory healthcare demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

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