Evaluation of Lipid Profiles of Children and Youth from Basic Health Units in Campinas, SP, Brazil: A Cross‑Sectional Laboratory Study

Abstract

Background: Among dyslipidemias, hypercholesterolemia is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in adults. In childhood and adolescence, elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are positively associated with atherosclerosis markers, however, systematic screening for dyslipidemias in these groups is a controversial topic. Objective: To characterize the frequencies, types and severity of dyslipidemias in children and adolescents attended at the Basic Health Units managed by SUS in Campinas/SP. Methods: After an agreement with the Municipal Health Department of Campinas, consecutive results of serum lipid profiles (n = 312,650) of individuals of both sexes (n = 62,530) aged between 1 day old and 19 years were obtained, from 2008 to 2015. Age groups and dyslipidemias were classified according to recommendations in the literature. The statistical significance level adopted was the probability value (p) of 0.05 or less. Results: The observed frequencies of increased TC, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and non-HDL-C (NHDL-C) were 33%, 40%, 29% and 13% respectively, and of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) the frequency was 39%. The frequencies, in general, were greater in females and in the southwest and south regions of the city, whose populations are more vulnerable from the socioeconomic point of view; on the other hand, in children and adolescents, the frequencies of TG and HDL-C prevailed, respectively. Conclusions: The high frequency and regionalization of dyslipidemias in children and adolescents indicate the need for specific actions in the handling and treatment of such diseases by the public health system of Campinas.

XbaI polymorphism in the APOB gene and its association with increased cholesterol in children and adolescents: Ouro Preto Study

“…In this study, we found a prevalence of increased cholesterol in children and adolescents in Ouro Preto, higher than the national average (27.5-33.0%) [37,38] and other regions of Brazil [39][40][41]. This prevalence is also higher than that reported in other countries, such as Qatar (27.0%) [42] and the United States (7.1%) [43].…”

Dislipidemia na infância e adolescência: um olhar para educação em saúde

“…Na região Sudeste, mais de 34% dos jovens apresentavam níveis de CT e LDL-c elevados. No estudo realizado por Gomes et al (2020) semelhantes resultados foram encontrados com crianças e adolescentes na região sudeste, CT (33%) e LDL-c (29%). Na região Centro-Oeste os dados apontam que mais de 50% dos indivíduos estavam com níveis de TG acima do normal.…”

“…Já nos adolescentes de 11 a 19 anos a hipolipidemia (HDLc baixo) se destaca. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados em estudo realizado na região Sudeste onde os níveis elevados de CT (40%), LDL-c (35%) e TG (45%) prevaleceram em crianças de 2 a 11 anos, e baixos níveis de HDL-c prevaleceram em 41% dos adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos (Gomes et al, 2020). Outro estudo realizado com adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos na região Sul também mostrou que a hipolipidemia estava presente em 52% dos indivíduos (Cunha et al, 2018).…”

Alta Prevalência de Dislipidemias em Crianças e Adolescentes: Oportunidade para Prevenção

“…The presence of low HDL-C was observed in 39% of the cases. 9 Although the number of individuals analysed is a strength of this study, the exclusive analysis of the lipid profiles prevents any other conclusions besides the frequency of abnormalities in this population.…”

“…In this issue of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Gomes, et al 9 assessed the prevalence of isolated and combined dyslipidemias in 62,530 children and adolescents, aged between 1 day and 19 years, attended at the Basic Health Units network in Campinas/SP. They found biochemically classified changes in 67% of the lipid profiles analysed.…”