Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activity and Improves Morphometry of Splenic Arterioles in Spontaneously Hipertensive Rats

Lemos, Marina de Paiva; Mota, Gustavo Ribeiro da; Marocolo, Moacir; Sordi, Carla Cristina de; Chriguer, Rosângela Soares; Neto, Octávio Barbosa

doi:10.5935/abc.20180053

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In our study, rest HR reduction after training suggests involvement of sympathetic activity in hypotensive effect mitigation (20). Indeed, MAP of SHR-T rats was still higher than normotensive rats despite a decrease of values compared with SHR-C, but many other studies with different types of physical exercise have shown the same results (29,32,38,39,62). We also observed an increase in the left ventricular weight/BW ratio in hypertensive rats, especially when they were trained.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

High-intensity intermittent training is as effective as moderate continuous training, and not deleterious, in cardiomyocyte remodeling of hypertensive rats

Krzesiak

Cognard

Sebille

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Exercise training offers possible nonpharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training has been shown to have as much or even more beneficial cardiovascular effect in patients with cardiovascular diseases than moderate-intensity continuous exercise (CMIE) training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the two types of training on cardiac remodeling of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) induced by hypertension. Eight-week-old male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were divided into four groups: normotensive and hypertensive control (WKY and SHR-C) and hypertensive trained with CMIE (SHR-T CMIE) or HIIE (SHR-T HIIE). After 8 wk of training or inactivity, maximal running speed (MRS), arterial pressure, and heart weight were all assessed. CMIE or HIIE protocols not only increased final MRS and left ventricular weight/body weight ratio but also reduced mean arterial pressure compared with sedentary group. Then, left ventricular tissue was enzymatically dissociated, and isolated cardiomyocytes were used to highlight the changes induced by physical activity at morphological, mechanical, and molecular levels. Both types of training induced restoration of transverse tubule regularity, decrease in spark site density, and reduction in half-relaxation time of calcium transients. HIIE training, in particular, decreased spark amplitude and width, and increased cardiomyocyte contractility and the expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban phosphorylated on serine 16. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-intensity intermittent exercise training induces beneficial remodeling of the left ventricular cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the morphological, mechanical, and molecular levels. Results also confirm, at the cellular level, that this type of training, as it appears not to be deleterious, could be applied in rehabilitation of hypertensive patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

High-intensity intermittent training is as effective as moderate continuous training, and not deleterious, in cardiomyocyte remodeling of hypertensive rats

Krzesiak

Cognard

Sebille

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Many considerable evidences support the therapeutic and protective effects of exercise on the body, including improvement of insulin sensitivity of diabetic mice, attenuating sympathetic activity, arterial pressure, and heart rate in the spontaneously hypertensive rats [24]. Mitochondrial biogenic response, components of the electron transport chain, mtDNA, and related lipid metabolic pathways are all increased after exercise training [25].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action For Physical Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA is oxidized by ROS to form 8-oxo-dG which can be detected in plasma and urine [94]. AngII-induced insulin resistance is relevant to ROS, which can impair insulin signaling by decreasing phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt and translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane [24].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action For Physical Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise for Prevention and Relief of Cardiovascular Disease: Prognoses, Mechanisms, and Approaches

Tian

Meng

2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

121

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This review is aimed at summarizing the new findings about the multiple benefits of exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We pay attention to the prevalence and risk factors of CVD and mechanisms and recommendations of physical activity. Physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity, alleviate plasma dyslipidemia, normalize elevated blood pressure, decrease blood viscosity, promote endothelial nitric oxide production, and improve leptin sensitivity to protect the heart and vessels. Besides, the protective role of exercise on the body involves not only animal models in the laboratory but also clinical studies which is demonstrated by WHO recommendations. The general exercise intensity for humans recommended by the American Heart Association to prevent CVD is moderate exercise of 30 minutes, 5 times a week. However, even the easiest activity is better than nothing. What is more, owing to the different physical fitness of individuals, a standard exercise training cannot provide the exact treatment for everyone. So personalization of exercise will be an irresistible trend and bring more beneficial effects with less inefficient physical activities. This paper reviews the benefits of exercise contributing to the body especially in CVD through the recent mechanism studies.

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“…In the literature, SHR rats have been found to present augmented sympathetic activity in the kidney at around 4-5 months old (16) and in the spleen at around 13-20 weeks old (8). In the heart, 45-50-week male SHR rats present higher sympathetic effect and sympathovagal index, followed by reduced parasympathetic effect, compared to control rats (17). However, when the cardiac sympathetic tone of 4-6-month-old SHR rats was evaluated by spectral analysis, no difference was found compared to Wistar rats, while the cardiac parasympathetic tone was reduced in SHR (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A method to assess heart rate variability in neonate rats: validation in normotensive and hypertensive animals

Freitas

Santos

Arnold

et al. 2020

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Several studies have focused on the heart rate variability (HRV) of murine species, while studies discussing HRV in murine neonates and infants remain scarce, since recording hemodynamic signals through invasive methods in small animals has been found to be quite challenging. Thus, this study aimed at describing and validating a novel method to assess HRV in newborn rats. An electrocardiogram (ECG) system was used to determine RR intervals in awake newborns and evaluate HRV in normotensive (Wistar) and hypertensive (SHR) neonate rats. After birth, ECG was recorded in the awake newborns, and they were allowed to rest on a heated surface, restricted only by the weight of the adhesive ECG electrodes. The electrodes were cut and adapted to provide more comfort to the animal, and gently placed on the newborn's skin. RR intervals were recorded over a 30-min period using an ECG system together with LabChart software (4 KHz). Three sequences of 5 min each from the ECG recording period were analyzed in time and frequency domains, using CardioSeries software. ECG data resulted in a clearly interpretable signal that was used to generate an RR interval sequence through time for the analysis of HRV. SHR neonates presented increased cardiac sympathovagal balance compared to Wistar neonates (low frequency/high frequency: 3.85±0.71 vs 0.90 ± 0.09). In conclusion, the ECG setup here described may be used to record RR intervals to assess HRV in neonate rats, thus detecting early impairment of HRV in hypertensive newborns.

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Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activity and Improves Morphometry of Splenic Arterioles in Spontaneously Hipertensive Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

High-intensity intermittent training is as effective as moderate continuous training, and not deleterious, in cardiomyocyte remodeling of hypertensive rats

High-intensity intermittent training is as effective as moderate continuous training, and not deleterious, in cardiomyocyte remodeling of hypertensive rats

Exercise for Prevention and Relief of Cardiovascular Disease: Prognoses, Mechanisms, and Approaches

A method to assess heart rate variability in neonate rats: validation in normotensive and hypertensive animals

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