Relationship between Resting Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Adolescents

Christofaro, Diego Giulliano Destro; Casonatto, Juliano; Vanderlei, Luiz Carlos Marques; Cucato, Gabriel Grizzo; Ritti‐Dias, Raphael Mendes

doi:10.5935/abc.20170050

“…Resting heart rate and heart rate during activity was found distinctly elevated in DIO-GM. Elevated resting heart rate is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [54] , [55] and typically correlates with blood pressure [56] . Negative consequences of chronically increased heart rate/blood pressure as cardiac hypertrophy [57] were not observed in DIO-GM, however their heart weight was generally increased compared to L-GM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and extensive adipose tissue inflammation in morbidly obese Göttingen minipigs

Blutke¹,

Dobenecker²,

Dhom³

et al. 2018

Molecular Metabolism

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ObjectiveThe worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased to 10% in men and 15% in women and is associated with severe comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Animal models of obesity are central to experimental studies of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) models in rodents have provided important insights into the pathophysiology of obesity and, in most instances, are the first in line for exploratory pharmacology studies. To deepen the relevance towards translation to human patients, we established a corresponding DIO model in Göttingen minipigs (GM).MethodsYoung adult female ovariectomized GM were fed a high-fat/high-energy diet for a period of 70 weeks. The ration was calculated to meet the requirements and maintain body weight (BW) of lean adult minipigs (L-GM group) or increased stepwise to achieve an obese state (DIO-GM group). Body composition, blood parameters and intravenous glucose tolerance were determined at regular intervals. A pilot chronic treatment trial with a GLP1 receptor agonist was conducted in DIO-GM. At the end of the study, the animals were necropsied and a biobank of selected tissues was established.ResultsDIO-GM developed severe subcutaneous and visceral adiposity (body fat >50% of body mass vs. 22% in L-GM), increased plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >5 vs. 2 in L-GM), impaired glucose tolerance and increased heart rate when resting and active. However, fasting glucose concentrations stayed within normal range throughout the study. Treatment with a long-acting GLP1 receptor agonist revealed substantial reduction of food intake and body weight within four weeks, with increased drug sensitivity relative to observations in other DIO animal models. Extensive adipose tissue inflammation and adipocyte necrosis was observed in visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue of DIO-GM.ConclusionsThe Munich DIO-GM model resembles hallmarks of the human metabolic syndrome with extensive adipose tissue inflammation and adipocyte necrosis reported for the first time. DIO-GM may be used for evaluating novel treatments of obesity and associated comorbidities. They may help to identify triggers and mechanisms of fat tissue inflammation and mechanisms preventing complete metabolic decompensation despite morbid obesity.

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“…In this view, the late phase of the cardiac cycle (i.e., diastole) and cardiac deceleration result in—similar but not identical—transient decreases in blood pressure, thus facilitating the access of external stimuli to consciousness by decreasing the inhibitory effects of baroreceptor activity on the brain (Sandman, ; Sandman et al, ). Notably, even though higher mean arterial blood pressure has been associated with higher resting heart rate (Christofaro, Casonatto, Vanderlei, Cucato, & Dias, ; Mancia et al, ), increases in blood pressure after cardiac deceleration (i.e., decreases in heart rate) were observed during experimental tasks (Otten, Gaillard, & Wientjes, ; Wölk, Velden, Zimmermann, & Krug, ). In addition, animal studies showed that, also with constant mean arterial pressure, the heart rate elevation leads to an increased discharge of arterial baroreceptors (Abboud & Chapleau, ; Barrett & Bolter, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception

Motyka

¹

,

Grund

²

,

Forschack

³

et al. 2019

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Fluctuations in the heart's activity can modulate the access of external stimuli to consciousness. The link between perceptual awareness and cardiac signals has been investigated mainly in the visual and auditory domain. Here, we investigated whether the phase of the cardiac cycle and the prestimulus heart rate influence conscious somatosensory perception. We also tested how conscious detection of somatosensory stimuli affects the heart rate. Electrocardiograms (ECG) of 33 healthy volunteers were recorded while applying near‐threshold electrical pulses at a fixed intensity to the left index finger. Conscious detection was not uniformly distributed across the cardiac cycle but significantly higher in diastole than in systole. We found no evidence that the heart rate before a stimulus influenced its detection, but hits (correctly detected somatosensory stimuli) led to a more pronounced cardiac deceleration than misses. Our findings demonstrate interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception, which highlights the importance of internal bodily states for sensory processing beyond the auditory and visual domain.

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“…In this view, the late phase of the cardiac cycle (i.e., diastole) and cardiac deceleration result in -similar but not identical -transient decreases in blood pressure; thus facilitating the access of external stimuli to consciousness by decreasing the inhibitory effects of baroreceptor activity on the brain (Sandman, 1986;Sandman et al, 1977). Notably, even though higher mean arterial blood pressure has been associated with higher resting heart rate (Christofaro, Casonatto, Vanderlei, Cucato, & Dias, 2017;Mancia et al, 1983), increases in blood pressure after cardiac deceleration (i.e., decreases in heart rate) were observed during experimental tasks (Otten, Gaillard, & Wientjes, 1995;Wölk, Velden, Zimmermann, & Krug. 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception

Motyka

¹

,

Grund

²

,

Forschack

³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Fluctuations in the heart's activity can modulate the access of external stimuli to consciousness.The link between perceptual awareness and cardiac signals has been investigated mainly in the visual and auditory domain. We here investigated whether the phase of the cardiac cycle and the pre-stimulus heart rate influence conscious somatosensory perception. We also tested how conscious detection of somatosensory stimuli affects the heart rate. Electrocardiograms (ECG) of 33 healthy volunteers were recorded while applying near-threshold electrical pulses at a fixed intensity to the left index finger. Conscious detection was not uniformly distributed across the cardiac cycle but significantly higher in diastole than in systole. We found no evidence that the heart rate before a stimulus influenced its detection but hits (correctly detected somatosensory stimuli) led to a more pronounced cardiac deceleration than misses. Our findings demonstrate interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception, which highlights the importance of internal bodily states for sensory processing beyond the auditory and visual domain. Impact StatementIt is highly debated to what extent cardiac activity modulates the access of external stimuli to consciousness. The evidence is inconsistent across sensory modalities and previous research focused at specific intervals within the cardiac cycle. Here, we examined the perception of nearthreshold electrical pulses across the entire cardiac cycle. Our results show that conscious somatosensory perception is enhanced during the late phase of the cardiac cycle (at diastole) and associated with a more pronounced cardiac deceleration (as compared to non-detected stimuli). This strengthens the evidence that the physiological state of the body influences how we perceive the world.

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Relationship between Resting Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Adolescents

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Metabolic syndrome and extensive adipose tissue inflammation in morbidly obese Göttingen minipigs

Metabolic syndrome and extensive adipose tissue inflammation in morbidly obese Göttingen minipigs

Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception

Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception

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