Sex Differences in High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Subjects with Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome

Garcia, Vinicius P; Rocha, Helena; Sales, Allan Robson Kluser; Rocha, Nazareth de Novaes; Nóbrega, Antônio Cláudio Lucas da

doi:10.5935/abc.20160027

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Additionally, the finding of higher CRP in diabetic women, in particular with no known CVD, may further support its use in the “at-risk” female population [ 43 ]. This finding is further supported by a 2016 study by Garcia et al which concluded that statistically significantly higher hsCRP levels were observed in women vs. men with metabolic syndrome risk factors, suggesting that hsCRP can be used to help stratify CVD risk even before type 2 diabetes develops [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Sex differences in ischemic heart disease and heart failure biomarkers

Castro

Gottlieb

et al. 2018

Biol Sex Differ

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Since 1984, each year, more women than men die of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF), yet more men are diagnosed. Because biomarker assessment is often the first diagnostic employed in such patients, understanding biomarker differences in men vs. women may improve female morbidity and mortality rates.Some key examples of cardiac biomarker utility based on sex include contemporary use of “unisex” troponin reference intervals under-diagnosing myocardial necrosis in women; greater use of hsCRP in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could lead to better stratification in women; and greater use of BNP with sex-specific thresholds in ACS could also lead to more timely risk stratification in women.Accurate diagnosis, appropriate risk management, and monitoring are key in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, the assessment tools used must also be useful or at least assessed for utility in both sexes. In other words, going forward, we need to evaluate sex-specific reference intervals or cutoffs for laboratory tests used to assess cardiovascular disease to help close the diagnostic gap between men and women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Sex differences in ischemic heart disease and heart failure biomarkers

Castro

Gottlieb

et al. 2018

Biol Sex Differ

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“…Cigarette smoking results in exposure to reactive oxidant substances that may damage the epithelial cells in the upper airways through peroxidation of cell membranes constituents and induces inflammatory gene activation leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in inflammation [37]. The higher odds of elevated CRP among women has also been reported in other studies [38,39]. In contrast, Rifai et al [40] reported comparable frequency distribution of CRP among apparently healthy men and women in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Association between Phytate Intake and C-Reactive Protein Concentration among People with Overweight or Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES 2009/2010

Armah

2019

IJERPH

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Phytic acid has anti-oxidant properties, which are useful in addressing inflammation. This study investigated the relationship between dietary phytate intake and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels among individuals that are overweight or obese. The study used cross-sectional data from the 2009/2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 3152 subjects. Phytate intake was estimated using phytate content of foods reported by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between phytate intake and odds of elevated CRP concentration (CRP >3 mg/L), adjusting for confounders. Medians (and 95% CIs) for phytate intake and CRP concentration were 0.66 (0.64, 0.68) g/d and 1.4 (1.2, 1.5) mg/L, respectively. Phytate intake was higher in males than females, higher in non-Hispanic Whites than non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans, and lower in current smokers than former smokers and nonsmokers. Higher phytate intake was associated with lower odds of elevated CRP (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.52, 0.84). Women, as well as current and former smokers with overweight or obesity, had higher odds of elevated CRP concentration. These results imply that individuals with high phytate intake, particularly among those with overweight or obesity, have lower risk for inflammation-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases.

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“…The sex heterogeneity also has been observed in various cross-sectional studies. [26][27][28][29] Of Figure 2 Associations between hs-CRP and MetS in the general population (total) as well as in men and women, separately. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of hs-CRP associated with MetS were based on Model 3 from Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Furthermore, the potential sex difference also has been reported in crosssectional studies between hs-CRP and MetS, with a stronger correlation in women than in men. [26][27][28][29] According to a national representative survey among 31 provincial-level administrative units in China, the prevalence of MetS was also higher in women compared to men (36.8% vs 31.0%). Therefore, it is of scientific interest to examine whether the sex difference between hs-CRP and MetS is also observed in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Leads to Increased Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Women but Not in Men: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in a Chinese Population</p>

Hong¹,

Gao²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a constellation of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, is a global health threat. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, its association with incident MetS is less known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prospective association between hs-CRP and MetS among a Chinese population in a 5-year follow-up study. Patients and Methods: The levels of hs-CRP were measured using serum samples collected at baseline recruitment in 2012 from 886 participants without MetS. Follow-up interviews were conducted in 2018, and MetS was diagnosed by 2017 criteria from the Chinese Diabetes Society. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the overall and sex-specific associations between hs-CRP and incident MetS. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Results: After a mean follow-up duration of 5.40 ± 0.56 years, 116 (13.3%) participants developed MetS. In the total study population, increased hs-CRP levels were associated with a higher risk of MetS (OR comparing extreme quartiles of hs-CRP: 4.06 [95% CI: 1.91-8.65]) in the fully-adjusted model. When stratified by sex, the positive association was only observed in women (OR: 4.82 [1.89-12.3]) but not in men (OR: 3.15 [0.82-12.1]; P-interaction = 0.039). Conclusion: In this study of a Chinese population, a positive association between hs-CRP and incident MetS was found only in women and not in men. Sex-specific prediction and intervention of MetS using hs-CRP as a target should be further evaluated.

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Sex Differences in High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Subjects with Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Sex differences in ischemic heart disease and heart failure biomarkers

Sex differences in ischemic heart disease and heart failure biomarkers

Association between Phytate Intake and C-Reactive Protein Concentration among People with Overweight or Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES 2009/2010

<p>High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Leads to Increased Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Women but Not in Men: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in a Chinese Population</p>

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