Role Of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Resistance to Drug Therapy in Patients with Resistant Hypertension

Abstract

BackgroundDespite the increased evidence of the important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP‑2) in the pathophysiology of hypertension, the profile of these molecules in resistant hypertension (RHTN) remains unknown.ObjectivesTo compare the plasma levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and of their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, respectively), as well as their MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios, between patients with controlled RHTN (CRHTN, n=41) and uncontrolled RHTN (UCRHTN, n=35). In addition, the association of those parameters with clinical characteristics, office blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness (determined by pulse wave velocity) was evaluate in those subgroups.MethodsThis study included 76 individuals diagnosed with RHTN and submitted to physical examination, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests to assess biochemical parameters.ResultsSimilar values of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios were found in the UCRHTN and CRHTN subgroups (P>0.05). A significant correlation was found between diastolic BP (DBP) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (r=0.37; P=0.02) and DPB and MMP-2 (r=-0.40; P=0.02) in the UCRHTN subgroup. On the other hand, no correlation was observed in the CRHTN subgroup. Logistic regression models demonstrated that MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and their ratios were not associated with the lack of BP control.ConclusionThese findings suggest that neither MMP-2 nor MMP-9 affect BP control in RHTN subjects.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Level in Tuberculosis Exposed and Infected Children

“…[15] The analyses of the comparison between the levels of MMP-9 and nutritional status showed no significant difference (p value of 0.70). This is similar with a study by Lacerda et al in Brazil who studied drug resistance to hypertension, there is no difference in the levels of MMP-9 and nutritional status [16], but not in accordance with the study by Olszewska et al which examines the levels MMP-9 against child and adolescent obesity, it was found that the levels of MMP-9 was higher in obese children compared with the control group (well nutrition) with a p value of 0.02. [17] The analyses of the comparison between the levels of MMP-9 and BCG status showed no significant difference with a p value of 0.226, but with a median value that is higher in children who received the BCG vaccination that is 3.55.…”

Posicionamento Brasileiro sobre Hipertensão Arterial Resistente – 2020

“…Other factors and mechanisms, such as age, obesity, OSA, 4 , 94 , 95 African descent, adipokine deregulation, 96 endothelial dysfunction, and increased activity of metalloproteinases-2, metalloproteinases-9 and adhesion molecules 97 - 99 are also involved in this process.…”

Identification of Aortic Proteins Involved in Arterial Stiffness in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated With Perindopril:A Proteomic Approach

“…Actually, there are several components that contribute to the arterial stiffening, like extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that support the mechanical load, such as collagen and elastin ( Lacolley et al, 2017 ). Lacerda et al (2015) have suggested that PWV may be correlated with some components of the ECM in the vessel wall, like metalloproteinase biomarkers (MMP-9 and MMP-2) and collagen in patients with hypertensive heart disease; however, these biomarkers were evaluated in blood plasma. In addition, alterations of VSMCs, which regulate actomyosin interactions for contraction and cell–ECM interactions and depend on the architecture of cytoskeletal proteins and focal adhesion, are also contributing to regulate arterial stiffness; see Lacolley and colleagues for review ( Lacolley et al, 2017 ).…”