Possible Brugada Phenocopy Induced by Hypokalemia in a Patient with Congenital Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

Brugada Type 1 Pattern and Risk Stratification for Sudden Death: Does the Key Hide in the ECG Analysis?

“…Several clinical cases highlight many underlying conditions. Type 1 Brugada phenocopies have been observed in various cardiac diseases (myocardial ischemia such inferior infarction with right ventricle extension or anterior infarction [7][8][9], Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy [10], cardiac tumors [11], Chagas disease [12]), in pulmonary and mediastinal diseases (acute pulmonary embolism [13], pneumothorax [14], mediastinal tumors [15]), in metabolic and hydroelectrolytic disorders (hypokalemia [16,17], hyperkalemia [18], hyponatremia [19], hypophosphatemia [20], keto-acidosis [21]), in intoxications (heroin and ethanol overdose [22], propofol [23], propafenone [24], yellow phosphorus [25], lamotrigine [26], phosphine [27]), and various diseases such intracranial hemorrhages [28], hypothermia [29], and electrocution [30]. Pectus excavatum can also mimic a type 1 pattern [31].…”

Brugada Phenocopy Clinical Reproducibility Demonstrated by Recurrent Hypokalemia

“…4 Initially, various terms such as Brugada-like patterns, acquired BrS, and Brugada mimicking ECGs were used to describe these cases. Using prior 4 and emerging cases, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] we have consolidated the BrP terminology and created a definition ( Table 2), an etiological classification (Table 1), and a systematic diagnostic approach to study these cases. [4][5][6][7] However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the BrP remain unknown and speculative.…”