Cystatin C, CRP, Log TG/HDLc and Metabolic Syndrome are Associated with Microalbuminuria in Hypertension

Abstract

Background In patients with systemic hypertension, microalbuminuria is a marker of endothelial damage and is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Objective To determine the factors that may lead to the occurrence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with serum creatinine lower than 1.5 mg/dL. Methods This cross-sectional study included 133 Brazilians with essential hypertension followed up at a hypertension outpatient clinic. Those with serum creatinine higher than 1.5 mg/dL, as well as those with diabetes mellitus, were excluded. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and GFR estimated by using the CKD-EPI formula were calculated. The serum levels of the following were assessed: CysC, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting glucose. Microalbuminuria was determined in 24-hour urine. Hypertensive patients were classified according to the presence of one or more criteria for metabolic syndrome. Results In a multiple regression analysis, the serum levels of CysC and CRP, the atherogenic index log TG/HDLc and the presence of three or more criteria for metabolic syndrome were positively correlated with microalbuminuria (r2: 0.277, p < 0.05). Conclusion CysC, CRP, log TG/HDLc, and the presence of three or more criteria for metabolic syndrome, regardless of serum creatinine, were associated with microalbuminuria, an early marker of kidney damage and cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertension.

Allopurinol treatment improves renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: 3‐year randomized parallel‐controlled study

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Hypertension and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease proven by transient elastography

“…Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one of the most frequent components of metabolic syndrome . Many studies have reported a strong relationship between NAFLD and hypertension .…”

“…[4][5][6] Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one of the most frequent components of metabolic syndrome. 7,8 Many studies have reported a strong relationship between NAFLD and hypertension. 9,10 However, no detailed study has attempted to investigate whether NAFLD is independently correlated with hypertension and blood pressure level.…”

Niacin and Progression of CKD

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