Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief: have you kept up with scientific updates?

Abstract

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological intervention characterized by the application of low--frequency electrical current to the skin to promote analgesia 1 . This modality of electrical stimulation can reduce pain intensity, both at rest and during movement, reducing both primary and secondary hyperalgesia as well as allodynia. It also reduces inflammation, fatigue and fear of movement, restores central sensitization and increases function and quality of life without reports of major adverse effects. It is then used as an important alternative for pain relief both by different health professionals who care for patients with pain and by the patients themselves, who have access to simpler equipment that can be purchased in pharmacies.