Non-pharmacological interventions in painful needle procedures in children: integrative review

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization recommends that pain in children should be treated as a fundamental human right. Children in health services are exposed to numerous painful procedures as part of their treatment, for instance, immunization and blood testing. Painful experiences during such procedures can cause extreme anxiety in future conducts, making children more vulnerable to pain. The present study's objective was to examine the non-pharmacological interventions most described in the literature for pain management during painful procedures with needles in children above the age of one. CONTENTS: Integrative literature review from CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed databases. The publications researched were from between 2010 and 2020. The leading question was "Which are the non-pharmacological interventions most described in the literature for pain control in children undergoing needle procedures"? The database search found 252 articles, six were included in the review and distraction was the most observed strategy for non-pharmacological intervention. CONCLUSION:The results of this study indicate that the most used strategy for pain relief was distraction, in special the audiovisual distraction.

Effectiveness of Using Video Clip on Reduction of Anxiety During Venipuncture among Children in a Selected Hospital of Eastern Nepal

“…This study address the significant issue of anxiety in pediatric patients during venipuncture , drawing on established non-pharmacological interventions. 19,20 The emphasis on visual techniques, such as video clips aligns with previous research indicating the efficacy of audiovisual methods in reducing anxiety. The findings of this study could extend beyond venipuncture, impacting various medical and nursing settings where children face pain and anxiety.…”

Comparison of the Effectiveness of EMLA Cream, 2% Lidocaine Gel, and Ice Bag on Pain Intensity Caused by Venipuncture in Children Aged 6-12 Years

“…For this purpose, pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical approaches can be mainly used [1,4]. Pharmaceutical treatments are an important part of treatment that are used in acute and chronic situations, and this includes, for instance, the use of opioids, which are injectable drugs [6]. Other pharmaceutical methods such as local anesthetics (EMLA cream, 2% lidocaine gel) and nonpharmaceutical pain reduction methods (ice bag) can be used for patients who are subjected to superficial treatments [7].…”

Utilization of local pressure devices in pain management during injections: scoping review

“…However, it is observed that healthcare technologies are being developed to make needle-related procedures less painful and traumatic ( 10 ) . Among the available technologies for managing pain during injections are vibration, application of cold or heat, muscle relaxation, virtual reality, audiovisual distraction, and local pressure devices, such as ShotBlocker ® and Pikluc ®(10-12) .…”

“…Contudo, observa-se que tecnologias em saúde estão sendo desenvolvidas para tornar os procedimentos que envolvem agulhas menos dolorosos e traumáticos ( 10 ) . Dentre as tecnologias disponíveis para manejar a dor durante a aplicação de injeções encontram-se a vibração, aplicação de frio ou calor, relaxamento muscular, realidade virtual, distração audiovisual e os dispositivos de pressão local, como, por exemplo, o ShotBlocker ® e o Pikluc ®(10-12) .…”