Definition of pain revised after four decades

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is a defense response of the body to a cellular damage caused by physical, chemical or biological agents, which triggers, among other factors, pain. Although inflammation plays an important role in the protection and regeneration of tissue injury, inflammatory pain results in decreased quality of life. In view of this, the development of safe and less invasive forms for the treatment of inflammatory pain is of great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antihyperalgesic potential of the culture supernatant of keratinocytes and human fibroblasts in an experimental model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. METHODS: Evaluation of carrageenan induced inflammatory hyperalgesia through the use of electronic von Frey in animal models treated with culture supernatant of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS: Local administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid antagonist, in peripheral tissue, has been observed to inhibit the antihyperalgesic effect of the keratinocyte culture supernatant. Fibroblast culture supernatant on days 1 and 3 reverses for 2 hours the carrageenan induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, which is mediated by µ opioid agonist. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that culture supernatant of fibroblasts and keratinocytes is capable of inducing antinociception in inflammatory hyperalgesia, mediated by the release of Evaluation of the keratinocytes or fibroblasts culture supernatant in an inflammatory hyperalgesia model Avaliação do sobrenadante da cultura de queratinócitos ou fibroblastos em modelo de hiperalgesia inflamatória

Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of pain during the postpartum period

“…The experience of pain is subjective and affects quality of life negatively. According to the Brazilian Society for the Study of Pain (Sociedade Brasileira para Estudo da Dor), the perception of pain varies from one individual to another and is influenced by culture and previous experience (14) .…”

Avaliação Dos Efeitos Da Fotobiomodulação Por Laser De Baixa Intensidade Sobre a Dor Em Pacientes Com Dor Lombar Crônica: Revisão Integrativa

“…Este estudo se propôs em realizar uma revisão integrativa baseada na leitura de artigos científicos internacionais acerca dos efeitos da FBM por LBI e/ou LED sobre a dor e incapacidade funcional em indivíduos com DLC. Segundo a Associação Internacional para Estudos da Dor (IASP), a dor pode ser definida como "uma experiência sensitiva e emocional desagradável associada a uma lesão tecidual real ou potencial, ou descrita nos termos de tal lesão" 27 . A DLC é uma condição altamente prevalente em todo o mundo e a principal causa de incapacidade em seus portadores, devido ainda os tratamentos não estarem bem estabelecidos pela literatura, optou-se em realizar o estudo envolvendo os efeitos da FBM por LBI 28 .…”

The Natural Compound Hydrophobic Usnic Acid and Hydrophilic Potassium Usnate Derivative: Applications and Comparisons

“…Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, and it is described in terms of such damage directly associated with different functions of the neurological signal with nociceptive perception due to sensations stimulated by subjective and objective factors of the system [ 53 , 54 ]. In this sense, Okuyama et al [ 55 ] evaluated the usnic acid isolated from Usnea diffracta as an analgesic component in a murine pain model by the method of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid at concentrations of 30 and 100 mg/kg.…”