Critical concentration and management of nitrogen fertilization in the establishment of Brachiaria hybrid Mavuno

Pereira, Lilian Elgalise Techio; Sousa, Luan Jardim de; Bertipaglia, Liandra Maria Abaker; Herling, Valdo Rodrigues; Tech, Adriano Rogério Bruno

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20210052

Cited by 2 publications

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“…At population level, tiller weight and tiller population density at the pre‐cutting stage may be viewed as the result of integrated processes modulated by the grazing targets applied to the pastures (Silva et al, 2020), N fertilisation rates (Pereira et al, 2021) and by the species‐specific seasonal patterns of tillers birth and death driven by climatic conditions (Da Silva et al, 2017; Matthew et al, 2013). In the present experiment, considering that grazing targets are within an adequate range for the species, the responses were regulated by climatic conditions and N fertilisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds were manually distributed each 40 cm, in lines spaced 25 cm each other. The period from January to May 2019 was considered the establishment period, during which treatments were imposed (Pereira et al, 2021). The same area and treatments were applied along the two following growth seasons after establishment (Year I and Year II).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a way of coping with intraclonal competition, some grass species may display adjustments in SLA. Changes in SLA represent an important acclimatation strategy in which the competitive ability for light capture in individual plants is maximised through a higher investment on leaf area than in leaf dry weight (Dwyer et al, 2014; Pereira et al, 2021). The plant's ability for changing SLA may also be relevant as a resource saving strategy, particularly during the wet to dry seasons transition, when a low SLA is associated with enhanced water‐use efficiency (Wellstein et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation

de Mattos,

Matuo,

Herling

et al. 2023

Grass and Forage Science

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Nitrogen (N) inputs are recognised to maximise herbage mass (HM) in tropical perennial grasses, whereas less is clear on their impact on HM distribution and the effects on leaf mass (LM) and leaf area index (LAI) in the upper stratum. This 2 year study, carried out in Pirassununga, Brazil, assessed the HM distribution in the upper (>20 cm) and lower (<20 cm) strata in Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass maintained under similar pre‐ and post‐cutting canopy heights with contrasting N fertilisation rates applied after each cutting (no‐nitrogen, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha−1). The relevance of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N concentration (NLeaf), tiller weight (TW) and population density to the LM and LAI of the upper stratum were also examined. Mavuno grass expressed a stable HM < 20 cm (59%–71% during Year I and 66%–80% for Year II), and apparent N fertilisation impacts on HM > 20 cm were verified at specific regrowth cycles during Year II. Mavuno grass pastures expressed plasticity for adjustments on leaf, tiller and population attributes, which were modulated by both climatic conditions and N fertilisation. Under favourable growth conditions during Year I, fertilised pastures were able to sustain higher NLeaf and SLA but associated with lower TW, resulting in maximisation of LAI but not in LM in the upper stratum. During Year II, fertilised pastures expressed higher NLeaf, SLA, number of basal tillers, despite the lowest TW, which resulted in higher LAI and LM in the upper stratum compared with non‐fertilised pastures. Our results highlighted that adjustments on leaf and population attributes within the canopy were driven to maximise the upper stratum LAI, being positively affected by N fertilisation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation

de Mattos,

Matuo,

Herling

et al. 2023

Grass and Forage Science

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Current Scenario and Perspectives for Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Tropical Perennial Grass Pastures: A Review

2022

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Traditional Nitrogen (N) fertilization practices for tropical perennial grass are still based on annual amounts, following flat N rates instalments. This strategy does not consider variations in climatic conditions along the growing season, their impacts on the plant’s demand and the soil N availability. At regrowth cycles where the amount of soil N released from mineralization or through animal excreta surpass the plant’s demand, most of the N may be lost (as ammonia, nitrate, and nitrous oxide), increasing production costs and environmental pollution. This paper examines current N fertilization and discusses possible gaps in knowledge for the definition of more precise fertilization guidelines in pasture-based livestock systems based on tropical perennial grasses. More precise fertilization practices, based upon site and seasonal-specific recommendations, will substantially contribute to the establishment of best fertilization guidelines. Sustainable approaches can be defined by combining the identification of regrowth cycles where high N rates are required, with enhanced efficiency fertilizers, and/or using grass species with the potential for biological nitrification inhibition. The lack of information on tropical grasses requirements, and soil and climatic factors driving the N fate into the mineralization and immobilization processes and how these factors affect plant’s N demand, still prevents opportunities for tactical applications and the establishment of best management guidelines.

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Critical concentration and management of nitrogen fertilization in the establishment of Brachiaria hybrid Mavuno

Cited by 2 publications

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Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation

Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation

Current Scenario and Perspectives for Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Tropical Perennial Grass Pastures: A Review

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