Number of explants, culture medium and photoperiod in ornamental pineapple micropropagation

Abstract

RESUMO-Um dos fatores limitantes da expansão do cultivo comercial do abacaxizeiro ornamental, Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (L.B. Smith) Coppens & Leal, é a disponibilidade de mudas, em quantidade e qualidade. A micropropagação permite a obtenção de maior taxa de multiplicação e garante a alta qualidade fitossanitária das mudas obtidas; porém, o custo de produção deste tipo de material propagativo ainda é relativamente elevado. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar uma relação mais adequada entre os fatores: número de explantes por frasco, meio de cultura e fotoperíodo, visando aumentar a taxa de multiplicação in vitro desta variedade de abacaxizeiro ornamental; e, consequentemente, otimizar os custos de produção da muda micropropagada. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos envolvendo três fatores: número de explantes por frasco (4, 5 e 6); meio de cultura (MS + 0,54 M de ANA acrescido de 2,22 M ou 4,44 M de BAP) e fotoperíodo (12 e 16 horas), em dez repetições. Nas taxas de multiplicação obtidas, foram registradas diferenças significativas quanto ao fotoperíodo e à interação entre os três fatores analisados. Não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas para o número de explantes utilizados por frasco, nem para o meio de cultura isoladamente. Do ponto de vista econômico, recomenda-se a utilização de seis explantes por frasco, cultivados no meio MS + 4,44 M de BAP + 0,54 M de ANA, sob fotoperíodo de 12 horas de luz. Palavras-chave: Bromeliaceae. Floricultura. Cultura de tecidos vegetais. Produção de mudas. ABSTRACT-One of the factors limiting the expansion of commercial cultivation of the ornamental pineapple, Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (LB Smith) Coppens & Leal, is the availability of plantlets in quantity and of quality. Micropropagation makes it possible to obtain higher rates of multiplication, and ensures the high quality of the resultant plantlets; however the cost of producing this kind of propagating material is still relatively high. This study therefore aimed to determine a more appropriate relationship between the number of explants per flask, culture medium and photoperiod, with a view to increasing the in-vitro rate of multiplication of this variety of ornamental pineapple, and consequently optimise production costs of the micropropagated plantlets. A completely randomised design was used, with treatments involving three factors: number of explants per flask (4, 5 and 6), culture medium (MS + 0.54 M NAA plus 2.22 M or 4.44 M BAP) and photoperiod (12 and 16 hours), with ten replications. At the rates of multiplication obtained, there were significant differences for photoperiod and interaction of the three factors under analysis. No significant differences were noted for the number of explants per flask, or for the culture medium taken alone. From an economic standpoint, the use of six explants per bottle is recommended, grown on a medium of MS + 4.44 M BAP + 0.54 M NAA, under a photoperiod of 12 hours.

Vegetative propagation strategies in commercial pineapple cultivars

“…This study observed the advantages of in vitro multiplication in producing pineapple seedlings, such as largescale production, high multiplication rate, and propagules free of pests and diseases, as reported by Santos et al (2015). Another advantage of this method is its use for commercial seedlings and the reproduction and multiplication of parent plants in breeding programs, where a single plant with desirable traits is obtained (SOUZA et al, 2013).…”

“…Vegetative propagation is the predominant method for establishing commercial pineapple cultivations (SANTOS et al, 2015). Sexual propagation is used in breeding programs to obtain hybrids between different genotypes since the species has self-incompatibility (SOUZA et al, 2017).…”

Strategies for vegetative propagation and viral cleaning of a miniature ornamental pineapple hybrid

“…Conventional micropropagation and micropropagation by etiolation of nodal segments are methods that have been previously studied for production of pineapple plantlets. Various protocols have been described in the literature (Kiss, Kiss, Gyulai, & Heszky, 1995;Guerra, Dal Vesco, Pescador, Schuelter, & Nodari, 1999;Barboza & Caldas, 2001;Carvalho et al, 2005;Souza et al, 2010;2012b;Santos, Barbosa, Vieira, & Carvalho, 2015;Reinhardt et al, 2018;Taha, Ibrahim, Gaafar, Zaied, & Shamma, 2019), but no previous study has compared the techniques in vitro, as done in this work.…”

Effect of Auxin and Cow Urine as Nutrient Source on Pineapple Propagation through Crown in Soilless Culture under Protected Condition

“…Commercial pineapple cultivation predominantly utilizes vegetative propagation as the primary method for establishment [1]. In traditional practice, pineapple plantations commonly utilize seedlings derived from ground sucker, aerial sucker, and crown types, all of which emerge from the parent plant.…”