Clinical and histopathological evaluation and habits associated with the onset of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to establish the prevalence, factors associated with the onset, and clinical and histopathological features of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia, so that these data can contribute to the prevention of these lesions and, consequently, of oral cancer. Material and method: A retrospective study was conducted at a reference service of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) from 2000 to 2012. To verify the association of variables, Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test (p ≤ 0.05) were used. Results: Among 6,560 investigated records, 54 cases were selected, of which 44.4% were male and 55.6% female, with mean age of 56.93 years. Regarding habits, 72.2% were smokers and 25% were alcohol users; 17.9% showed association of both habits. Oral leukoplakia lesions were the most prevalent (0.65%) and oral erythroplakia showed greater association with malignancy in the histopathological presentation (p = 0.001). Most lesions showed no symptoms (p = 0.004). The most frequent was oral leukoplakia in smoking women, with mean age of 57 years. Conclusion: Knowledge of associated factors and clinical characteristics of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment.

Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In phase‐2, 313 studies were excluded (Appendix ). In the final review, 22 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative evaluation (Figure ).…”

“…Among the 22 studies selected, 7 studies were performed in South America's or Caribbean countries, 5 in Asia, 5 in Europe, 2 in the Middle East, and 2 in North America . Six of the included studies had a sample size lower than 1000 individuals, and 4 studies had their sample size larger than 50 000 …”

“…Seven studies were classified to have high RoB, 12 had moderate RoB, and 3 had low RoB . For most studies, the response to questions “Was the sample representative of the target population?” and “Were study participants recruited in an appropriate way?” was scored as “high‐risk of bias” because the participants in the sample were not from a population screening samples and were not selected randomly.…”

“…Age was heterogeneously reported in the studies, and it ranged from 18 to 86 years; however, the most studies reported individuals above 50 years were most affected by OPMD. Only 4 studies presented data with regard to the ethnicity of the participants; OPMD most commonly affected fair‐skinned individuals, and 1 article reported the prevalence of OPMD in Taiwan native individuals (Indigenous and Han).…”

“…36,40,41 All studies assessed OPMD in adults, and histopathological analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Of all the included studies, 18 presented data about OL, [21][22][23][24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][37][38][39][40] 5 studies sub-divided OL into 2 types: HOL and NHOL. 21,28,29,37,38 Additionally, 6 studies exhibited data about OE, 23,26,29,32,33,41 3 about OSMF, 26,28,30 and 4 about AC 27,29,35,36 (Table S1).…”