Changes in cardiac arrest profiles after the implementation of a Rapid Response Team

The associations between rapid response systems and their components with patient outcomes: A scoping review

“…1 for additional details of the screening process. Most studies reviewed fit within two categories: they examined the effects of rapid response implementation on patient outcomes ( Roasio et al., 2022 ; Aitken et al., 2015 ; Al-Rajhi et al., 2016 ; Blotsky et al., 2016 ; Chen et al., 2015 ; Davis et al., 2015 ; Davis et al., 2015 ; Jung et al., 2016 ; Kawaguchi et al., 2015 ; Kim et al., 2017 ; Ludikhuize et al., 2015 ; Menon et al., 2018 ; Noyes et al., 2015 ; Pirret et al., 2015 ; Gong et al., 2020 ; Mankidy et al., 2020 ; Oh et al., 2018 ; Viana et al., 2021 ; Yang et al., 2020 ), or they described rapid response systems and their associations with patient characteristics and outcomes ( Jung et al., 2022 ; Winterbottom and Webre, 2021 ; Avis et al., 2016 ; Bunch et al., 2019 ; Chan et al., 2016 ; Churpek et al., 2017 ; Jones et al., 2017 ; Kollef et al., 2017 ; Le Guen et al., 2015 ; Psirides et al., 2016 ; Silva et al., 2016 ; Smith et al., 2015 ; Stelfox et al., 2015 ; Sulistio et al., 2015 ). Generally, rapid response system implementation studies included scenarios in which the system implemented was the first iteration of its kind ( Al-Rajhi et al., 2016 ; Blotsky et al., 2016 ), was replacing an existing system ( Aitken et al., 2015 ), or added another tier of clinical experience or surveillance to an existing system ( Davis et al., 2015 ; Kawaguchi et al., 2015 ; Pirret et al., 2015 ).…”

“…Broad patterns of what rapid response system components were reported on in included studies were also assessed. A majority of studies (27 of 34) identified what rapid response system triggers were used ( Roasio et al., 2022 ; Aitken et al., 2015 ; Al-Rajhi et al., 2016 ; Blotsky et al., 2016 ; Chen et al., 2015 ; Davis et al., 2015 ; Jung et al., 2016 ; Kawaguchi et al., 2015 ; Kim et al., 2017 ; Ludikhuize et al., 2015 ; Jung et al., 2022 ; Menon et al., 2018 ; Noyes et al., 2015 ; Pirret et al., 2015 ; Gong et al., 2020 ; Oh et al., 2018 ; Viana et al., 2021 ; Yang et al., 2020 ; Bunch et al., 2019 ; Churpek et al., 2017 ; Kollef et al., 2017 ; Le Guen et al., 2015 ; Psirides et al., 2016 ; Silva et al., 2016 ; Smith et al., 2015 ; Stelfox et al., 2015 ; Sulistio et al., 2015 ); additionally, a majority of studies (28 of 34) also included at least some details related to member composition of their medical emergency teams ( Roasio et al., 2022 ; Aitken et al., 2015 ; Al-Rajhi et al., 2016 ; Blotsky et al., 2016 ; Davis et al., 2015 ; Davis et al., 2015 ; Jung et al., 2016 ; Kawaguchi et al., 2015 ; Kim et al., 2017 ; Ludikhuize et al., 2015 ; Jung et al., 2022 ; Menon et al., 2018 ; Noyes et al., 2015 ; Pirret et al., 2015 ; Gong et al., 2020 ; Mankidy et al., 2020 ; Oh et al., 2018 ; Viana et al., 2021 ; Yang et al., 2020 ; Winterbottom and Webre, 2021 ; Avis et al., 2016 ; Bunch...…”

“…Additionally, many studies also cited “staff concern” for the patient that could not be quantified by other objective criteria as a trigger. Some studies also cited additional triggers such as critical labs values and decreased urinary output ( Al-Rajhi et al., 2016 ; Blotsky et al., 2016 ; Kim et al., 2017 ; Noyes et al., 2015 ; Oh et al., 2018 ; Viana et al., 2021 ; Yang et al., 2020 ; Bunch et al., 2019 ; Psirides et al., 2016 ). A few studies cited the use of early warning scores as medical emergency team event triggers ( Ludikhuize et al., 2015 ; Jung et al., 2022 ; Menon et al., 2018 ; Pirret et al., 2015 ; Kollef et al., 2017 ; Psirides et al., 2016 ).…”

“…While most studies provided at least some description of institutional medical emergency team triggers, few studies statistically analyzed any associations between such triggers and patient outcomes related to medical emergency team events. Seven studies of the 27 studies that described triggers directly examined relationships of triggers to other study variables related to rapid response systems ( Chen et al., 2015 ; Kim et al., 2017 ; Viana et al., 2021 ; Bunch et al., 2019 ; Churpek et al., 2017 ; Le Guen et al., 2015 ; Smith et al., 2015 ). The use of respiratory triggers and multiple triggers to activate a medical emergency team event were significantly associated with later stages of acute deterioration and mortality ( Le Guen et al., 2015 ; Smith et al., 2015 ).…”

“…give a detailed breakdown of multiple tiers of the team members who perform as a part of the medical emergency team and rapid response system ( Aitken et al., 2015 ), however, Viana et al. mention that an intensive care unit physician leads the team, and while this phrasing implies there are additional team members, no additional details are given ( Viana et al., 2021 ).…”