Application of an Accurate and Validated Method for Identification and Quantification of Acrylamide in Bread, Biscuits and Other Bakery Products Using GC-MS/MS System

Abstract

A gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for the separation, detection, identification and quantification of acrylamide in bread, biscuits and similar products. The method showed good precision with values lower than 6%. A good sensitivity was achieved for bread with 2.41 and 7.23 µg kg -1 limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, while for biscuits, LOD and LOQ were 4.63 and 13.89 µg kg -1 , respectively. Accuracy obtained through the bias of 2 certified reference materials ("crisp bread -ERM ® -BD272" and "rusk -ERM ® -BD274") gave a value below 1.68-2.52%. The method was applied by analyzing 49 types of bread, biscuits and other similar products. The results showed different levels of acrylamide in bread (values ranged between 7.6 and 165.6 µg kg -1 ), biscuits (between LOD and 2405.0 µg kg ).

Dietary Acrylamide and the Risks of Developing Cancer: Facts to Ponder

“…The AA concentration in different commonly consumed breads ranges from <limit of quantification (LOQ) to 695 µg/kg, where the highest AA concentration was detected in wheat bran and whole wheat breads ( 13 ). Similarly, AA was also detected in different bakery products: biscuits (LOQ to 2,405.0 µg/kg), sandwich biscuits with cream (112.6–570.4 µg/kg), gingerbread (349.5–955.5 µg/kg), and crackers (347.8–366.1 µg/kg) ( 14 ). In addition to potato- and cereal-based food, coffee beverages acquired from coffee vending machines also contain AA concentration which varies from 7.7 to 40.0 µg/L ( 15 ).…”

Assessment of the acrylamide level of cereal-based products from Romania market in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2158

“…The method used for acrylamide quantification in bread, biscuits and other bakery products was described by Negoiță and Culețu (2016). The recovery of the procedure was in the range of 97% -105%.…”

“…The calibration solutions were prepared according to the procedure described in a previous study (Negoiță and Culețu, 2016). Two calibration curves were realized in the range of 0.025-5 mg/L based on the derivatized standard solutions and plotting the ratio of the peak area of 2-bromopropenamide (2-BPA) and 2-BP( 13 C)A against the concentration of 2-BPA.…”

“…The analyses were performed in the electron impact ionization operation mode, positive ( + EI); acquisition mode: selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and ion scanning mode -Product ("Product"). AA analysis was performed according to the method described by Negoiță and Culețu (2016). Briefly, the following steps were followed: samples were milled and homogenized in a Büchi professional mixer, AA was extracted in water and IS was added.…”

Biomedical rationale for acrylamide regulation and methods of detection

“…Defatting with either nonpolar organic solvent efficiently solubilizes fats and oils, permitting easy removal of the F I G U R E 3 Sequence of steps for acrylamide extraction from food and analyte analysis by LC-MS or GC-MS solvent by reduced pressure evaporation to allow isolation of fat or oil content. Alternative defatting processes to the use of nonpolar organic solvent and SPE include the use of Carrez I and II solutions (Asnaashari, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari, Farahmandfar, Taghdisi, & Abnous, 2018;Khan et al, 2017;NegoiţĂ & Culeţu, 2016;Oroian, Amariei, & Gutt, 2016;Raters & Matissek, 2018;Razia et al, 2016;Yadav, Chhillar, & Pundir, 2018). Carrez I contains a 15% (w/v) solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 •3H 2 0), while Carrez II contains a 30% (w/v) solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO 4 •7H 2 0) (Emdmillipore, 2013).…”