Volatilization of Ammonia Originating from Urea Treated with Oxidized Charcoal

Guimarães, Gelton Geraldo Fernandes; Paiva, Diogo Mendes de; Cantarutti, Reinaldo Bertola; Mattiello, Edson Márcio; Reis, Efraim Lázaro

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20150171

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Instead, biochar‐mediated reduction in gaseous N losses may be more important. Biochar may have reduced NH 3 volatilization directly after the 15 N injection due to increased adsorption of

{NH}_{4}^{+} ‐N

(Guimarães et al ., ; Mandal et al ., ), provided no stimulation was triggered from a biochar‐mediated pH increase (only ~0.3 unit increase for this study, Table ; Schomberg et al ., ; Zhao et al ., ). We found a slightly increased

{NH}_{4}^{+} ‐N

concentration (but not significant) after 2 days of 15 N injection in the Tenosol receiving biochar, suggesting that biochar‐mediated reduction in NH 3 volatilization might have been small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a ¹⁵N study in two contrasting soils

2017

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Biochar is a pyrolysed biomass and largely consists of pyrogenic carbon (C), which takes much longer to decompose compared to the biomass it is made from. When applied to soil, it could increase agricultural productivity through nutrient retention and changing soil properties. The biochar-mediated nutrient retention capacity depends on the biochar properties, which change with time, and on soil properties. Here, we examined the effects of a wood biochar (20 t ha À1 ), that has aged (21 months) in a grassland field, on gross nitrogen (N) mineralization (GNM) and 15 N recovery using a 15 N tracer. A field experiment was conducted in two soil types, that is a Tenosol and a Dermosol, and also included a phosphorus (P) addition treatment (1 kg ha À1). Compared to the control, biochar with P addition significantly increased GNM in the Tenosol. Possibly, biochar and P addition enhanced nutrient availability in this nutrient-limited soil, thereby stimulating microbial activity. In contrast, biochar addition reduced GNM in the Dermosol, possibly by protecting soil organic matter (SOM) from decomposition through sorption onto biochar surfaces and enhanced formation of organo-mineral complexes in this soil that had a higher clay content (29% vs. 8% in the Tenosol). Compared to the control, biochar significantly increased total 15 N recovery in the Tenosol (on average by 12%) and reduced leaching to subsurface soil layers (on average by 52%). Overall, 15N recovery was greater in the Dermosol (83%) than the Tenosol (63%), but was not affected by biochar or P. The increased N recovery with biochar addition in the sandy Tenosol may be due to NH þ 4 -N retention at exchange sites on aged biochar, while such beneficial effects may not be visible in soils with higher clay content. Our results suggest that aged biochar may increase N use efficiency through reduced leaching or gaseous losses in sandy soils.

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“…Instead, biochar‐mediated reduction in gaseous N losses may be more important. Biochar may have reduced NH 3 volatilization directly after the 15 N injection due to increased adsorption of

{NH}_{4}^{+} ‐N

{NH}_{4}^{+} ‐N

concentration (but not significant) after 2 days of 15 N injection in the Tenosol receiving biochar, suggesting that biochar‐mediated reduction in NH 3 volatilization might have been small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a ¹⁵N study in two contrasting soils

2017

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“…Charcoal produced from Eucalyptus urophilla wood, as described by Guimarães et al (2015), was boiled under reflux in 4 M HNO 3 (45 g charcoal L −1 HNO 3 ) 4 h, and after cooling the mixture was filtered under vacuum through JP 42 filter paper (J. Prolab., São Jose dos Pinhais‐PR, Brazil) in a 12.5‐cm diameter porcelain Büchner funnel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After oven‐drying, the oxidized charcoal (OCh) was powdered with a mortar and pestle, and then screened to < 74 µm. A more complete description of charcoal oxidation is available in Guimarães et al (2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidized charcoal, prepared in this way, was found to be effective for delaying and reducing NH 3 volatilization in a laboratory evaluation by de Paiva et al (2012), involving surface application of coated and uncoated granules to a Brazilian Ultisol collected from a no‐tillage site. In a subsequent work by Guimarães et al (2015), the beneficial effects were enhanced when oxidized charcoal was blended with urea (150 g kg −1 ) in lieu of being used as a coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Comparison of urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and oxidized charcoal for conserving urea‐N in soil

Guimarães

Mulvaney

Khan

et al. 2016

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Charcoal‐based amendments have a potential use in controlling NH3 volatilization from urea fertilization, owing to a high cation‐exchange capacity (CEC) that enhances the retention of NH $ _4^+ $. An incubation study was conducted to evaluate the potential of oxidized charcoal (OCh) for controlling soil transformations of urea‐N, in comparison to urease inhibition by N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). Four soils, ranging widely in texture and CEC, were incubated aerobically for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 d after application of 15N‐labeled urea with or without OCh (150 g kg−1 fertilizer) or NBPT (0.5 g kg−1 fertilizer), and analyses were performed to determine residual urea and 15N recovery as volatilized NH3, mineral N (as exchangeable NH $ _4^+ $, NO $ _3^ - $, and NO $ _2^ - $), and immobilized organic N. The OCh amendment reduced NH3 volatilization by up to 12% but had no effect on urea hydrolysis, NH $ _4^+ $ and NO $ _3^ - $ concentrations, NO $ _2^ - $ accumulation, or immobilization. In contrast, the use of NBPT to inhibit urea hydrolysis was markedly effective for moderating the accumulation of NH $ _4^+ $, which reduced immobilization and also controlled NH3 toxicity to nitrifying microorganisms that otherwise caused the accumulation of NO $ _2^ - $ instead of NO $ _3^ - $. Oxidized charcoal is not a viable alternative to NBPT for increasing the efficiency of urea fertilization.

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“…To promote the oxidation of Eucalyptus grandis charcoal, Paiva et al (2012) used 4.5 mol L -1 HNO 3 , followed by an alkaline treatment, and obtained a functionalized charcoal with CEC over 440 cmol c kg -1 . In a subsequent study, Guimarães et al (2015) avoided this alkaline treatment and used only oxidation with 4.5 mol L -1 HNO 3 , obtaining functionalized charcoal with CEC of 417 cmol c kg -1 but with a yield 8.4 times higher. This oxidation process increased the content of carboxylic, phenolic, and N-containing groups, contributing to an increase in CEC and, consequently, to improvement in the metal adsorption capacity of charcoal (Puga et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Charcoal as a Buffering Matrix of Copper and Zinc Availability

Guimarães

Giroto

Teixeira

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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High copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents in soil can cause phytotoxicity to plants and contaminate surface and groundwater, with negative effects on agriculture and the environment. Functionalized charcoal (OCh) has high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the ability to adsorb Cu and Zn and control their availability in the soil and water. An adsorption study at two pH levels was carried out to evaluate increasing Cu and Zn sorption capacity provided by the functionalization process of a charcoal. In addition, a kinetics study of competitive and non-competitive adsorption-desorption of Cu and Zn in OCh was also evaluated. The results showed that functionalized charcoal (Ch) increased CEC 8.7 times due to an increase in carboxyl and phenolic groups, without changing its specific surface area. The Cu and Zn kinetics study showed higher interaction of Cu with the OCh, with total adsorption capacity of 53.1 mg g -1 . From this amount, only 74.9 % was desorbed. However, competitive adsorption with Zn reduced the total amount of Cu adsorbed and decreased the Cu affinity for organic matter. This study shows the potential use of functionalized charcoal for control of Cu and Zn availability in the soil solution.

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Volatilization of Ammonia Originating from Urea Treated with Oxidized Charcoal

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a ¹⁵N study in two contrasting soils

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a ¹⁵N study in two contrasting soils

Comparison of urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and oxidized charcoal for conserving urea‐N in soil

Functionalized Charcoal as a Buffering Matrix of Copper and Zinc Availability

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Volatilization of Ammonia Originating from Urea Treated with Oxidized Charcoal

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a 15N study in two contrasting soils

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a 15N study in two contrasting soils

Comparison of urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and oxidized charcoal for conserving urea‐N in soil

Functionalized Charcoal as a Buffering Matrix of Copper and Zinc Availability

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Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a ¹⁵N study in two contrasting soils

Aged biochar affects gross nitrogen mineralization and recovery: a ¹⁵N study in two contrasting soils