Multivariate Analysis of Perfumes by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

Abstract

An efficient, fast and cost-effective method for detecting adulteration in perfumes by UV spectroscopy and multivariate analysis is proposed. Classification of perfumes, either as original or fake, was accomplished with the spectroscopic data using chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). ]]>

An electronic tongue as a classifier tool for assessing perfume olfactory family and storage time-period

“…Recently, the possibility of using UV spectrophotometry in combination with chemometric techniques for perfume classification was described [30]. In the present work, it was observed that the diluted perfume-ethanol samples showed a significant absorption in the range of 200-350 nm, corresponding to the near-UV region.…”

“…Several peaks (major and minor bands) can be observed in the region of 210-340 nm that, as pointed out by Gomes et al [30], may be due to the chemical diversity of the perfume fragrances, which include terpenoids, musks, aliphatic derivatives and aromatic derivatives, characterized by the presence of unsaturated conjugated or unconjugated carbon-carbon and/or the presence of carbonyl groups [19,30]. It should also be remarked that, globally, the perfume bands observed are in agreement with those found by Gomes et al [30] for perfumes as well as for individual ethanolic standard solution of scents (e.g., limonene, linalool, citral, eugenol, coumarin, eugenol, isoeugenol and cinnamic derivatives). This similarity could be attributed to the fact that the perfumes evaluated in both studies contained several equal scents in their composition, namely, limonene, linalool, citral, coumarin, eugenol, isoeugenol, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamal.…”

“…UV-Vis spectrophotometry was applied to acquire a preliminary insight of each perfume composition, following the experimental methodology described by Gomes et al [30], with some adaptations. Perfume samples were firstly diluted in the proportion of 1:4000, withdrawing 2.5 μL of perfume, measured using a Gilson micropipette (0.4-10 μL), to a 10 mL glass volumetric flask, which was filled with absolute ethanol (+99%, Extra Pure, SLR, Fisher Chemical®).…”

“…In fact, it has been reported that lipid bilayer membranes could be effectively applied within a synthetic sensing system to discriminate odorants and successfully differentiate perfumes by brand [16]. It was also shown that a simple technique like ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, coupled with multivariate statistical tools, allowed obtaining a preliminary chemical fingerprint of perfume samples, enabling perfume classification [30]. Therefore, and although the advantages of using an E-tongue could not be obvious, considering that perfume analysis is usually associated to the olfactory perception of aroma fragrances, its use can be foreseen.…”

Investigation of Drug–Polymer Compatibility Using Chemometric-Assisted UV-Spectrophotometry

“…The methods generally become more robust, precise, and less sensitive to spectral artefacts. Nowadays, various applications performed by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry and chemometric techniques have been reported, such as simultaneous determination of drugs in commercial combined formulations [ 4 , 5 ], as well as purity and quantitative analysis of raw materials and active ingredients in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods and beverages [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In addition, these techniques have been applied for stability studies and evaluation of photo-degradation kinetics under different reaction conditions [ 10 ].…”