SnSO<sub>4</sub>as Catalyst for Simultaneous Transesterification and Esterification of Acid Soybean Oil

Pereira, Camila O.; Portilho, Márcio F.; Henriques, Cristiane A.; Zotin, Fátima Marı́a Zanon

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20140267

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Literature reports the use of SnSO4 for concurrent esterification and transesterification of high FFA holding soyabean oil. The catalyst yielded 92% FAMEs at a temperature of 100 °C using 5 wt% of catalyst [13]. Another report presents the use of 20-CeO2/Li2O/SBA-15 as catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of waste cottonseed oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium doped zirconia drenched SBA-15 as a reusable solid catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of low-quality oils

Malhotra¹,

Ali²,

Kumar³

2022

YMER

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Sodium doped zirconia impregnated SBA-15 has been prepared without using hydrothermal treatment trailing the wet impregnation route. The prepared catalyst has been characterized by employing various techniques viz., BET for surface area analysis, SEM for morphological study, XPS for element oxidation state determination. It was found that catalyst seized both acidic and basic sites therefore, successfully employed for one-pot or concurrent esterification and transesterification of virgin cottonseed oil and high FFA containing vegetable oils. Under optimum reaction conditions of catalyst concentration of 10 wt% with respect to weight of oil, MeOH/oil molar ratio of 30:1 and at 65 °C reaction temperature, the catalyst could confer > 98 % fatty acid methyl ester yield within 3 h of reaction duration. Regeneration study advocated that the catalyst may well be recycled for 5 successive cycles without any significant trouncing of activity and even yielded 86% fatty acid methyl esters during 6th cycle. Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysts, mesoporous, basicity, acidity, transesterification, thermodynamic parameters

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium doped zirconia drenched SBA-15 as a reusable solid catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of low-quality oils

Malhotra¹,

Ali²,

Kumar³

2022

YMER

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“…Recently, the concept of bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts has been introduced in the biodiesel technology for efficient biodiesel production from different feedstocks. Several studies have been carried out on the use of the bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from low cost feedstocks [25][26][27][28]. Bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts exhibit both acid and base character, therefore can simultaneously carry out esterification of free fatty acids and transesterification of triglycerides to develop cleaner and economical processes for biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production using Low Cost Feedstocks: A Future Perspective

Ramli¹,

Farooq²,

Akhtar³

et al. 2017

Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels

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Currently, the fossil fuel sources are the major contributors to the world's energy mix. However, these conventional energy sources are depleting very fast due to their finite nature and extensive uses. An addition to their finite nature, environmental problems related to their uses are getting progressively worse and worse, initiating challenging debates for scientific communities. Biodiesel, a renewable fuel, has shown promising prospects due to its strong socioeconomic benefits and motivations in most of the countries of the world. Bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts are strongly recommended for biodiesel production from different feedstocks to simplify the process. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with the heterogeneous catalysts and some recommendations to design an efficient bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst for economical biodiesel production from waste cooking oil.

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“…Conventionally, this renewable fuel is produced using a homogeneous strong basic catalyst. Sodium or potassium hydroxides, carbonates or alkoxides are the most commonly used in the industry, since they present high performance under milder conditions and because of their low cost (Pereira et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reaction uses free fatty acids (FFA), present in second-generation feedstock, as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production and generates water as byproduct (Figure 4). Figure 4-Esterification reaction (Pereira et al, 2014) In addition to the use of any source of FFA, hydrolysis of oils and fats can be used as a pretreatment to improve the FFA concentration and producing a more complete conversion in this feedstock (Aranda et al, 2009). This process is known as hydroesterification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For esterification reaction, sulfuric acid is the most commonly catalyst used. However, this catalyst presents some disadvantages, such as generation of wastes that impact both the cost and environmental production of biodiesel (Hernández-Montelongo et al, 2017), reactor corrosion and salts formation due to neutralization of the mineral acid (Pereira et al, 2014). The use of heterogeneous catalysts can be an alternative to overcome these problems and has other advantages, such as easier catalyst separation and product purification, which allows obtaining a high purity glycerol and avoiding the alkaline catalyst neutralization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel production from oleic acid and ethanol using niobia based catalysts

Rade¹

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In this Doctorate research, niobia compounds were evaluated as solid acid catalysts in the continuous esterification reaction. Oleic acid was assumed as model component to represent the free fatty acids (FFA) and ethanol was selected as esterifying agent because is less toxic for humans, renewable, derived from agricultural products and widely available in Brazil. Samples of niobic acid and niobium phosphate were calcined at different temperatures (from 300 to 600 °C), characterized by nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and, then, submitted to catalytic tests. For the samples which showed the highest catalytic activity, the experimental conditions of temperature, mass of catalyst and ethanol:oleic acid molar ratio were optimized using design of experiments (DOE) and canonical analysis. Results showed that calcination temperature affected the textural properties, structure and acidity of the materials. An increase on the calcination temperature promoted a decrease on the BET surface area, total acidity and, consequently, on the catalytic performance for the esterification reaction, for both catalysts. However, compared to niobic acid, niobium phosphate showed higher thermal stability, avoiding a more significant decline in the conversions obtained. This fact occurs because niobic acid changes from amorphous to crystalline when calcined at 500 °C and niobium phosphate changed its structure only at calcination temperatures up to 700°C. Besides that, all the parameters significantly affected the yield of esters. Yield of esters up to 70% could be obtained at optimized conditions, for niobic acid and niobium phosphate. In other step of this project, a plant of biodiesel production through hydroesterification process was simulated, using UniSim software and a preliminary economic analysis was performed. Conversions data obtained in laboratory for hydrolysis and esterification reactions were used as input data of the simulated reactors. The hydroesterification process simulated showed to be technologically feasible, producing biodiesel in a flowrate of 770 kg/h (6736 ton/year) with high purity (97%), however, based on the cash flow rate obtained, it was not economically reasonable.

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SnSO₄as Catalyst for Simultaneous Transesterification and Esterification of Acid Soybean Oil

Cited by 9 publications

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Sodium doped zirconia drenched SBA-15 as a reusable solid catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of low-quality oils

Sodium doped zirconia drenched SBA-15 as a reusable solid catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of low-quality oils

Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production using Low Cost Feedstocks: A Future Perspective

Biodiesel production from oleic acid and ethanol using niobia based catalysts

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SnSO4as Catalyst for Simultaneous Transesterification and Esterification of Acid Soybean Oil

Cited by 9 publications

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Sodium doped zirconia drenched SBA-15 as a reusable solid catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of low-quality oils

Sodium doped zirconia drenched SBA-15 as a reusable solid catalyst for concurrent esterification and transesterification of low-quality oils

Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production using Low Cost Feedstocks: A Future Perspective

Biodiesel production from oleic acid and ethanol using niobia based catalysts

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SnSO₄as Catalyst for Simultaneous Transesterification and Esterification of Acid Soybean Oil