Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: New Biomarker Parameter Proposition for the Characterization of Biodegraded Oil

Uncommon steranes in Brazilian marginal crude oils: Dinoflagellate molecular fossils in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil

“…Biomarker parameters were calculated using GC×GC-TOFMS analyses of terpanes (m/z 191), 25-norhopanes (m/z 177), steranes (m/z 217, 218), diasteranes (m/z 217, 259), C 30 tetracyclic polyprenoid (TPP, m/z 259), isoprenoids (m/z 183), and β-carotane (m/z 125). Tricyclic (Trn, where Tr = tricyclic terpane and n = carbon number), tetracyclic (TeTn, where TeT = tetracyclic terpane and n = carbon number), and pentacyclic terpanes were identified based on mass spectra and elution order relative to structured chromatograms, similar to previously described works (Oliveira et al, 2012;Soares et al, 2013;Casilli et al, 2014;Kiepper et al, 2014).…”

“…Consequently, high resolution analytical techniques, such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS), have been applied in biomarker analyses of crude oils Casilli et al, 2014), evaluation of biodegradation (Silva et al, 2011;Soares et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014), assessment of depositional paleoenvironments (Oliveira et al, 2012;Kiepper et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015) and study of unresolved complex mixtures (Tran et al, 2010;Eiserbeck et al, 2012;Weng et al, 2015). The purpose of this work is to use GC×GC-TOFMS of steranes, alkyl steranes and other biomarkers in crude oil samples from the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin in order to better describe the source rock depositional environments for the oils.…”

Origin and Maturity of Biomarker Aliphatic Hydrocarbon in Wondama Coal Indonesia

“…The biomarkers of aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions in Wondama coal samples were identified by comparing retention times, specific m/z fragmentograms and mass spectra obtained with those published by previous researchers (such as: [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]). The biomarkers of aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions in Wondama coal samples identified are nalkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and pentacyclic triterpanes.…”

Direct Analysis of Low-Volatile Molecular Marker Extract from Airborne Particulate Matter Using Sensitivity Correction Method

“…For the hopane series, the structures of parent molecules and fragment ions selected are shown in Figure 1 . The structures of the fragment ions were based on Soares et al [ 8 ]. The identification of the molecular markers was made by comparison with the retention time and the reference mass spectrum obtained by analysis of the chemical standards, as well as with NIST 98 mass spectrum library.…”