“…Yet another benefit of urine collection is that it is not invasive and large volumes of samples can be ABBREVIATIONS: 5p minus, 5p−; ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS; alanine, Ala; arginine, Arg; asparagine, Asn; aspartate, Asp; citrulline, Cit; glutamine, Gln; glutamic acid, Glu; glycine, Gly; histidine, His; isoleucine, Ile; leucine, Leu; lysine, Lys; methionine, Met; ornithine, Orn; phenylalanine, Phe; proline, Pro; serine, Ser; threonine, Thr; tryptophan, Trp; tyrosine, Tyr; valine, Val; acetylornithine, AcOrn; asymmetric dimethylarginine, Adma; symmetric dimethylarginine, Sdma; alpha-aminoadipic acid, alpha AAA; methionine sulfoxide, MetO; nitro-tyrosine, N-Tyr; 3hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, C4-OH; trans-4-hydroxyproline, T4 OH Pro; serotonin, 5HT; electrospray ionization, ESI; standard deviation, SD; Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis, MSEA; tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle easily collected. Through these factors, urine has become a promising fluid for use in metabolic studies (Barbosa, Gonçalves, Bechara, & Assunção, 2013;Gowda et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2012).…”