Determination of Fuel Origin by Comprehensive 2D GC-FID and Parallel Factor Analysis

Godoy, Luiz Antonio Fonseca de; Pedroso, Márcio Pozzobon; Hantao, Leandro Wang; Augusto, Fábio; Poppi, Ronei J.

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20130081

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely used as a primary method for characterization of fuels. Typical analyses performed usually involve the identification of certain compounds [2][3][4][5] , the use of ratios between chemicals [6,7,8] and identification and quantification of markers or additives [9][10][11][12]. Many previous studies successfully used GC-MS to determine the individual component composition and fuel additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in fuel source identification and classification using gas chromatography and chemometric methods. It has been shown in the literature that GC×GC-FID and parallel factor analysis can be successfully utilized to differentiate the chromatogram patterns between petrol (Type A) samples from Venezuela and Brazil [7]. Twentyfive diesel samples from 13 different US diesel brands were classified using GC-MS total ion chromatogram (TIC) and extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) data evaluated by Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) and principal component analysis (PCA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study

et al. 2019

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The identification of the fuel found in a crime scene and establishing its source is important for forensic investigations. In this study petrol and diesel samples were analysed in order to identify chemical composition and additives with the aim of obtaining a set of markers or compounds that will allow forensic scientists to identify fuel sources. The study was performed using petrol and diesel sold in the city of Lincoln (UK) during four seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn).Diesel samples, representing eight different brands were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). From the GC–MS analytical results, MTBE and ETBE were identified as the additive more preferably added in super unleaded petrol samples that can be used to aid in separation and identification. In diesel, the distribution of FAME contents showed the effect of seasonal variation as these were found in all spring, summer and autumn samples, but not found in all winter ones. The selection of a reduced number of key fuel compounds and additives was also shown to be sufficient to achieve a high level of classification among the different fuel samples. Leave–one–out cross–validation was applied in order to validate the results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study

et al. 2019

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“…Compared to conventional gas chromatography (1D-GC), GC × GC provides increased peak capacity to resolve sample components from complex matrices. For example, the separation of complex petrochemicals can be improved by applying combinations of various polydimethyl(siloxane) (PDMS) and poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) derived stationary phases (i.e., DB-1 × BPX-50, DB-1 × DB-1701, and Solgel Wax × BPX-50 column sets) [6][7][8][9]. An essential requirement for maximizing peak capacity in GC × GC is to employ a combination of stationary phases possessing complementary selectivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be observed inFigure 2Dthat IL 1 exhibited significantly higher chromatographic efficiency compared to R2. Moreover, compared to R1, which possesses a shorter alkyl side chain substituent, IL 1 also exhibited a significant enhancement in the selectivity of nonpolar analytes, as observed inFigure 2D.To further evaluate the resolving power of the lipidic IL-based stationary phase toward aliphatic hydrocarbons, the separation result for 1 was also compared with a PEG-based column (SUPELCOWAX 10) commonly employed as a second dimension column for the separation of nonpolar aliphatic hydrocarbons by GC × GC[7][8][9]. As shown inFigures 3A and 3B, a wider distribution of the analytes within the separation window was observed when employing the Rtx-5 × 1 column set.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lipidic ionic liquid stationary phases for the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbons by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Zhang

O’Brien

et al. 2017

Journal of Chromatography A

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Lipidic ionic liquids (ILs) possessing long alkyl chains as well as low melting points have the potential to provide unique selectivity as well as wide operating ranges when used as stationary phases in gas chromatography. In this study, a total of eleven lipidic ILs containing various structural features (i.e., double bonds, linear thioether chains, and cyclopropanyl groups) were examined as stationary phases in comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) for the separation of nonpolar analytes in kerosene. N-alkyl-N'-methyl-imidazolium-based ILs containing different alkyl side chains were used as model structures to investigate the effects of alkyl moieties with different structural features on the selectivities and operating temperature ranges of the IL-based stationary phases. Compared to a homologous series of ILs containing saturated side chains, lipidic ILs exhibit improved selectivity toward the aliphatic hydrocarbons in kerosene. The palmitoleyl IL provided the highest selectivity compared to all other lipidic ILs as well as the commercial SUPELCOWAX 10 column. The linoleyl IL containing two double bonds within the alkyl side chain showed the lowest chromatographic selectivity. The lipidic IL possessing a cyclopropanyl group within the alkyl moiety exhibited the highest thermal stability. The Abraham solvation parameter model was used to evaluate the solvation properties of the lipidic ILs. This study provides the first comprehensive examination into the relation between lipidic IL structure and the resulting solvation characteristics. Furthermore, these results establish a basis for applying lipidic ILs as stationary phases for solute specific separations in GC×GC.

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Parallel Factor Analysis

Olivieri

Escandar

2014

Practical Three-Way Calibration

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Determination of Fuel Origin by Comprehensive 2D GC-FID and Parallel Factor Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study

The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study

Lipidic ionic liquid stationary phases for the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbons by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Parallel Factor Analysis

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