Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic

Abstract

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for Chronic Kidney Disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset Chronic Kidney Disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased ten-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.

Endothelial ADAM17 Expression in the Progression of Kidney Injury in an Obese Mouse Model of Pre-Diabetes

“…This is also associated with increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, causing a typical infiltration of activated macrophages that further promotes the inflammatory process [ 4 ]. These alterations can lead to the development of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, increased production of insulin and insulin resistance, peripheral complications, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and atherosclerosis [ 1 , 5 ].…”

Association between metabolic syndrome components and the risk of developing nephrolithiasis: A systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis

“…Excess uric acid in the urine can also by a heterogeneous nucleation process, causing the precipitation of calcium oxalate dehydrate ( Coe et al , 1980 ). The process of insulin resistance is not influenced by diet and lifestyle ( Kovesdy et al , 2017 ).…”

Redefining the Role of ADAM17 in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Its Implications in an Obese Mouse Model of Pre-Diabetes

“…Obesity has become a worldwide pandemic recognized as a major and independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its prevalence will increase in the next decade [ 1 ]. Obesity is characterized by the concurrent existence of glucose intolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [ 2 ].…”

“…Some of the deleterious renal consequences of obesity may be mediated by comorbid factors such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension, but also hyperactivation of endocrine activity in the adipose tissue could impact target organs. These include the development of inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and increased production of insulin and insulin resistance [ 1 , 4 ].…”