PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OFSpondias(Anacardiaceae)

Abstract

This paper describes the correlation between the phenolic composition and the molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of five Spondias species (Anacardiaceae). Two of these species ( S. venulosa and Spondias sp.) occur in rainforest areas and the other three are widely distributed in Brazil ( S. dulcis , S.mombin , and S. purpurea ). The flavonoid enriched fraction of the S. venulosa leaf extract also underwent a chemical study. The results indicate that the presence of flavonol 3- O -glycosides are a synapomorphic character of the studied American Spondias and the production of rhamnetin 3- O -rutinoside is a synapomorphy of the Atlantic forest species. This is the first report of flavonoids in S. venulosa , an endemic species from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. ]]>

Genus Spondias: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

“…Galloyl glucose, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, kaempferide, astragalin, isoquercetin, and quercetin dihydrate were obtained from the fruit acetone extract of S. purpurea [ 25 ]. Moreover, some flavonoids including rutin (quercetin 3- O - β -D-rutinoside), rhamnetin 3- O - β -D-rutinoside, and quercetin 3- O -[ α -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]- α -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)- β -glucopyranoside were isolated from the methanol extract of S. venulosa leaves [ 26 ]. Gallic acid and 3-caffeoyl quinic acid were isolated from the acetone extract of S. purpurea fruit [ 25 ].…”

Spondias mombin: Quality control and anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils

“…The chromatographic profile of HAE of S. mombin leaves was also determined, where it was possible to identify and quantify for the first time the bioactive marker geraniin. This substance was not identified in chromatographic studies (Cabral et al, 2016) and other species of the Spondias genus like S. tuberosa (Silva et al, 2011), S. purpurea (de Almeida et al, 2017 and S. venulosa (Pereira et al, 2015). Therefore, the botanical description, the purity parameters, and the chromatographic analysis performed in the present study produced a group of results that together will certainly differentiate S. mombin from other species.…”

Anatomical and histochemical characterization of leaves of Spondias purpurea L.

“…In S. tuberosa they were found in the trichomes and the parenchyma sheath (Nascimento- Silva, Chinalia & Paiva, 2008). Phenolic compounds have been identified in the leaves of S. purpurea, such as quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (Pereira et al, 2015), caffeic acid, and epigallocatechin (Almeida et al, 2017). The latter two compounds were correlated with antioxidant and anti-ulcer properties of the species' leaves (Almeida et al 2017).…”