Utilization of Biodiesel Waste for Acid Carbon Preparation With High Catalyst Activity in the Glycerol Etherification Reaction

Mantovani, Michelle; Aguiar, Erik Moda; Carvalho, Wagner A.; Mandelli, Dalmo; Gonçalves, Maraísa

doi:10.5935/0100-4042.20150023

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Seeking to reduce preparation costs with carbonization time, Mantovani et al [61] also studied the preparation of carbon with high acidity (39 mmol H + g −1 ) from biodiesel residue (glycerin) carbonized in the presence of H 2 SO 4 in the proportion of 1:3 m/m in a closed autoclave at 180 • C for 1 h. A high yield of about 43% was achieved for MTBG and 20% for DTBG+TTBG, respectively. In addition, the excellent reuse of the catalyst with constant activity in the five reactions evaluated was also confirmed.…”

Section: Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol and Catalysis by Waste/Low-Cost Materials—A Review

et al. 2022

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The growing global demand for renewable energy sources can be reached using biofuels such as biodiesel, for example. The most used route to produce biodiesel is the transesterification reaction of oils or fats with short-chain alcohols, generating fatty acid esters (biodiesel) and a very important by-product, glycerol (Gly). Gly is widely used in different sectors of the industry, and in order to add value to this by-product, heterogeneous catalysis becomes a relevant tool, whether to transform glycerol into other chemical products of interest or even use it in the production of catalysts. Among the several studies found in the literature, the use of low-cost materials and/or wastes from the most diverse activities to prepare active catalytic materials for the transformation of Gly has been increasingly reported due to its valuable advantages, especially related to the cost of raw materials and environmental aspects. Thus, this brief review article presents the relationship between catalysis, low-cost materials, waste, and glycerol, through different studies that show glycerol being transformed through reactions catalyzed by materials produced from low-cost sources/waste or with the glycerol itself used as a catalyst.

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Section: Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol and Catalysis by Waste/Low-Cost Materials—A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Recently, a commercial organic resin (Amberlyst-15) was popularly reported as the catalyst or reference catalyst for this reaction. It was found that Amberlyst-15 was active for the conversion of glycerol at 90–100 °C. ,− At the same time, it was also disclosed that textural properties of the catalyst played a crucial role for this reaction. However, Amberlyst-15 is a hydrophilic material and unstable at temperature higher than 110 °C. , In this case, water produced during the etherification reaction would bring deactivation as it irreversibly adsorbed on acid sites (see Scheme ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Jet Fuel from Glycerol and tert-Butyl Alcohol under Microwave Irradiation

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Biodiesel is an excellent renewable fuel, but a large amount of glycerol formed along with the manufacture of biodiesel. Catalytic production of jet fuel via etherification of glycerol and tert-butyl alcohol could pave a way for the valuable utilization of the surplus byproduct. In this work, the synthesis of jet fuel from glycerol with different energy supply methods was explored over a series of solid acids. It was found that a copolymer of divinylbenzene and p-styrenesulfonic acid (PS-x) exhibited excellent performance and stability for this reaction, and microwave irradiation can accelerate this process noticeably. The detected conversion of glycerol reached 81.3% at 80 °C within 1.5 h under 300 W microwave irradiation, and the highest turnover frequency of each acid site in PS-0.2 attained 415.9 h–1. Characterization results indicated that PS-0.2 possessed a high acidity (0.9 mmol/g) and a large surface area (770.6 m2/g) with a hierarchical pore structure. At the same time, kinetic analysis also disclosed that microwave irradiation can decrease the activation energy of this reaction compared with that of a conventional heating method.

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Waste-Glycerol as a Precursor for Carbon Materials: An Overview

Batista

Carvalho

et al. 2022

Compounds

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Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of animal fats and vegetable oils, producing a large amount of glycerol as a by-product. The crude glycerol cannot be used in the food or pharmaceutical industries. It is crucial to transform glycerol into value-added products with applications in different areas to biodiesel be economically viable. One of the possible applications is its use as a precursor for the synthesis of carbon materials. The glycerol-based carbon materials have distinct properties due to the presence of sulfonic acid groups on the material surface, making them efficient catalysts. Additionally, the glycerol-based activated carbon materials show promising results concerning the adsorption of gases and liquid pollutants and recently as capacitors. Despite their potential, currently, little research has been carried out on the synthesis and application of those materials. This review summarized the preparation and application of carbon materials from glycerol, intending to show the potential of these materials.

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Utilization of Biodiesel Waste for Acid Carbon Preparation With High Catalyst Activity in the Glycerol Etherification Reaction

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Glycerol and Catalysis by Waste/Low-Cost Materials—A Review

Glycerol and Catalysis by Waste/Low-Cost Materials—A Review

Synthesis of Jet Fuel from Glycerol and tert-Butyl Alcohol under Microwave Irradiation

Waste-Glycerol as a Precursor for Carbon Materials: An Overview

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