Introduction 10429 2. Historical Contextualization 10431 3. Synthesis of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10433 4. Solvatochromic Properties of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10435 4.1. X-ray Crystallographic Studies of the Molecular Structures of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10437 4.2. Quantum Chemical Calculations Involving Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10438 4.3. The E T (30) and E T N Solvent Polarity Scale 10440 4.4. Multiparametric Approaches to the Analysis of the E T (30) and E T N Scale 10441 5. Secondary Solvatochromic Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10442 6. Investigation of the Physical Properties of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids 10443 7. Thermosolvatochromism of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10450 8. Halochromism of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10451 9. Piezosolvatochromism of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10452 10. Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes in the Investigation of Solvent Mixtures 10453 11. Application of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes in the Construction of Chromogenic Chemosensors 10455 11.1. Chirosolvatochromism of Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes 10456 11.2. Chromoionophores 10456 11.3. Chromogenic Chemosensors for Anionic Species 10457 11.4. Chromogenic Chemosensors for Neutral Analytes 10458 12. Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes as Probes To Measure the Polarity of Solid Surfaces 10459 13. Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes in the Study of Microheterogeneous Systems 10460 13.1. Investigation of Surfactants in Aqueous and Organic Media 10462 13.2. Pyridinium N-Phenolate Dyes in the Investigation of Cyclodextrins in Solution 10463 13.