Retinal changes in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (all): discussion of topic from a case report

Abstract

A Leucemia Linfocitica Aguda (LLA) é uma doença caracterizada por uma alta taxa de sobrevida, porém o número absoluto de crianças que morrem por ela representa uma grande parcela dos casos de óbitos infantis por câncer. A morbidade decorrente de seu tratamento pode deixar sequelas em pessoas com grande expectativa de vida, tornando-se extremamente necessário o entendimento da patogênese desta doença, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos e diminuição de sequelas provocadas pela doença. O diagnóstico precoce é importante para se evitar complicações oculares que possam levar a baixa de acuidade visual em longo prazo e para avaliação de recaídas de tratamento sendo determinante no direcionamento de condutas.

Uveitis masquerade syndrome as an early manifestation of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a case report

“…ALL in children occurs typically between the ages of 2 and 5 years. 5 This child fits the age group, being 4 years old at the point of diagnosis. The incidence of ocular manifestations in patients with leukaemia varies significantly from 9% to 90% due to the transient nature of findings that vary with the course of the disease.…”

“…The incidence of ocular manifestations in patients with leukaemia varies significantly from 9% to 90% due to the transient nature of findings that vary with the course of the disease. 5 However, ocular manifestations are commoner in adults and in myeloid leukaemia than in lymphoid leukaemia. 5 Ocular manifestations of leukaemia are divided into primary (direct infiltration) and secondary (indirect involvement).…”

“…5 However, ocular manifestations are commoner in adults and in myeloid leukaemia than in lymphoid leukaemia. 5 Ocular manifestations of leukaemia are divided into primary (direct infiltration) and secondary (indirect involvement). Direct infiltration, including uveal, retinal, orbital, and optic nerve infiltration, is rare and may present as uveitis, proptosis, and optic disc swelling.…”

“…Direct infiltration, including uveal, retinal, orbital, and optic nerve infiltration, is rare and may present as uveitis, proptosis, and optic disc swelling. 4,5 Ocular infiltration occurs most frequently in the choroid due to its high vascularity. Uveitis due to direct infiltration of ocular tissues by leukemic cells is termed uveitis masquerade syndrome.…”

“…This is the commonest ocular finding in ALL and may manifest as retinal and vitreous haemorrhage, Roth spots, and vascular occlusion. 4,5 Ocular toxicity due to chemotherapy and the effects of immunosuppression may lead to secondary ocular manifestations such as infections, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, glaucoma, and cataract. 4,5 Unfortunately, this child developed many of the ocular manifestations mentioned above.…”