Drop volume of artificial tear solutions: pharmacoeconomic study

Costa, Alexandre Xavier da; Gama, Robson Miranda da; Kitadai, Silvia Prado Smit; Andrade, Eric Pinheiro de; Ferro, Gabriela Boia Rocha; Gomes, José Álvaro Pereira

doi:10.5935/0034-7280.20150071

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Patients should be informed about the washout effect that happens when eye drops are instilled back-to-back: The conjunctival cul-de-sac capacity is 30 µL and one eye drop ranges from 29 to 65 µL, and any excess volume will be washed out. 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Self-Medicating Eye Symptoms in Saudi Arabia

Alessa¹,

AlHuthail²,

Mahfud³

et al. 2022

OPTH

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Purpose Self-medication is the selection and use of drugs by individuals to treat self-diagnosed diseases or symptoms. While some patients regard self-medicating as harmless, it is far from being a safe practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward self-medicating eye symptoms in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire on a study population that consisted of Saudi nationals aged 18 and older who were using or had previously used ophthalmic medications. Results Among the 524 responses obtained, 79.4% were female, and more than half were less than 40 years old. Participants admitting to practicing ophthalmic self-medication measured 62.4%. The most commonly self-prescribed ophthalmic medications were artificial tears (n=276), followed by antiallergic (n=57) and antibiotic medications (n=33). Many participants reported that the reason for self-treatment was for repeated and simple symptoms that did not require professional care. While approximately 51% showed high levels of knowledge about ophthalmic medications, no significant relationship was seen with their choice to self-medicate (P=0.153). Conclusion Despite detecting a high level of knowledge and acceptable practices and attitudes among participants, a high incidence of self-medication was observed. This effect was mostly attributed to long hospital waiting times and patient self-diagnosis. Increasing the number of healthcare units and properly educating patients on ophthalmic medications may help decrease the incidence of self-medication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of knowledge regarding the side effects of medications may lead to improper use and self-medication. 16 , 21 , 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Self-Medicating Eye Symptoms in Saudi Arabia

Alessa¹,

AlHuthail²,

Mahfud³

et al. 2022

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Specifically, bottle tips often touch the eyelids and lashes of patients during instillation, and cross-infection from transmission through objects such as a tonometer, door handle, and eyedrop bottle that had previously contacted a contaminated eye are common routes of infection. 27 Additionally, standardization of eyedrop bottles currently on the market is lacking, leading to significant variation in the drop volume of ocular solutions among different manufacturers. 27 – 30 As a result, eyedrops vary widely in form when detached from the bottle at the time of application, leading to potential cross-contamination or reinfection of the same eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 Additionally, standardization of eyedrop bottles currently on the market is lacking, leading to significant variation in the drop volume of ocular solutions among different manufacturers. 27 – 30 As a result, eyedrops vary widely in form when detached from the bottle at the time of application, leading to potential cross-contamination or reinfection of the same eye. When an eyedrop bottle is tilted to 45°, the geometry of the bottle tip conducts liquid through the outer face of the nozzle before detaching from the bottle due to the capillary phenomenon ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cross-contamination in Multidose Eyedrops: The Impact of Instillation Angle and Bottle Geometry

Costa

Freitas

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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To evaluate the impact of instillation angle and nozzle tip geometry on crosscontamination risk of multidose ocular solution bottles. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa solution was passed exclusively on the outside of the nozzle to simulate contamination on the exterior of topical agents. Three drops were administered from angles of 90°and 45°from bottles with either a round or sharp tip geometry, and the cultures were examined for growth. Two-hundred sixteen cultures from nine lubricant eyedrop brands currently existing in the Brazilian market were assessed for bacterial growth. Results: After seven days, bacterial contamination was detected in 53.7% of cultures when drops were administered at 90°and in 70.4% of cultures at 45°. Eyedrops collected from a rounded nozzle tip and an instillation angle of 90°transmitted bacteria in 69.4% of cases, whereas those administered from a sharp tip transmitted bacteria in only 22.2% of cases (P = 0.001). At an instillation angle of 45°, contamination was identified in 83.3% of bottles with a rounded tip geometry and in only eight of 18 bottles (44.4%) from those with a sharp nozzle geometry (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Adjusting the instillation angle of eyedrop solutions to 90°, as well as using a nozzle geometry that prevents flow of the solution to the side of the bottle, significantly reduced contamination rates. Translational Relevance: Standardizing drop bottles and adjusting delivery angle shows promise in reducing contamination rates and may critically impact the quality of care for patients requiring topical therapeutic agents.

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Drop volume of artificial tear solutions: pharmacoeconomic study

Abstract: Objective: To determine the mean drop volume produced by artificial tear solutions in different inclination angles and to determine the mean cost of the treatment. Methods: The drop volume of 3 original bottles of the artificial tear solutions Artelac ®

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Self-Medicating Eye Symptoms in Saudi Arabia

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Self-Medicating Eye Symptoms in Saudi Arabia

Microbial Cross-contamination in Multidose Eyedrops: The Impact of Instillation Angle and Bottle Geometry

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