Magnocellular visual function in developmental dyslexia: deficit in frequency-doubling perimetry and ocular motor skills

Vilhena, Douglas de Araújo; Guimarães, Márcia Reis; Guimarães, Ricardo Queiroz; Pinheiro, Ângela Maria Vieira

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20210069

Cited by 10 publications

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“…In the identification task, all the children had to recognize isolated letters taken out of context without being part of a paragraph. When reading entire lines of a text, for those who suffer from IS, the effort is greater due to the presence of line patterns in reading texts on white backgrounds that can trigger the presence of visual distortions and physical discomfort when reading which are the hallmarks of Irlen Syndrome symptomatology and developmental dyslexia (Stein 2018;Vilhena, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading skills in children with Irlen Syndrome

Tacuri-Reino,

Elosúa,

Bernal

2024

Ocnos

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Visual perceptual distortions and physical discomfort that cause difficulties in reading are some of the characteristics of Irlen syndrome. This study examined if students with Irlen syndrome, assessed with different reading tasks, present differences in reading skills when compared to those without the condition. Participants were 110 fourth and fifth graders (mean age = 8.6 years), 55 with Irlen syndrome (ISG group) and 55 without the syndrome (control group). Researchers applied the Irlen Reading Perceptual Scale to evaluate the Irlen Syndrome and the PROLEC-R Test to assess reading processes. The results showed significant group differences in Word Reading, Pseudoword Reading, Punctuation Marks, Sentence, and Text Comprehension. Oral comprehension in the auditory modality was not significantly different, which would support the idea that Irlen syndrome seems to be related to visual sensory processes. In conclusion, participants with Irlen syndrome presented impaired reading processes that might affect overall visual comprehension but not oral reading comprehension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading skills in children with Irlen Syndrome

Tacuri-Reino,

Elosúa,

Bernal

2024

Ocnos

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“…[165,180]), at least as far as auditory processing is concerned. Independent evidence exists on poor readers' deficits in senses other than audition, including vision (e.g., [181,182]), somatosensation [183], proprioception [184] and audiovisual integration ( [185]; see [186], for a review). In order to advance the understanding of the underlying causes of developmental dyslexia, future research will benefit from cross-disciplinary approaches and comprehensive, noncorrelational designs to study the complexities involved in reading ability and skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Comprehensive Account of Rhythm Processing Issues in Developmental Dyslexia

Rathcke

Lin

2021

Brain Sciences

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Developmental dyslexia is typically defined as a difficulty with an individual’s command of written language, arising from deficits in phonological awareness. However, motor entrainment difficulties in non-linguistic synchronization and time-keeping tasks have also been reported. Such findings gave rise to proposals of an underlying rhythm processing deficit in dyslexia, even though to date, evidence for impaired motor entrainment with the rhythm of natural speech is rather scarce, and the role of speech rhythm in phonological awareness is unclear. The present study aimed to fill these gaps. Dyslexic adults and age-matched control participants with variable levels of previous music training completed a series of experimental tasks assessing phoneme processing, rhythm perception, and motor entrainment abilities. In a rhythm entrainment task, participants tapped along to the perceived beat of natural spoken sentences. In a phoneme processing task, participants monitored for sonorant and obstruent phonemes embedded in nonsense strings. Individual sensorimotor skills were assessed using a number of screening tests. The results lacked evidence for a motor impairment or a general motor entrainment difficulty in dyslexia, at least among adult participants of the study. Instead, the results showed that the participants’ performance in the phonemic task was predictive of their performance in the rhythmic task, but not vice versa, suggesting that atypical rhythm processing in dyslexia may be the consequence, but not the cause, of dyslexic difficulties with phoneme-level encoding. No evidence for a deficit in the entrainment to the syllable rate in dyslexic adults was found. Rather, metrically weak syllables were significantly less often at the center of rhythmic attention in dyslexic adults as compared to neurotypical controls, with an increased tendency in musically trained participants. This finding could not be explained by an auditory deficit in the processing of acoustic-prosodic cues to the rhythm structure, but it is likely to be related to the well-documented auditory short-term memory issue in dyslexia.

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“…O estresse visual não é uma doença, mas sim um distúrbio do processamento visual que ocorre como resultado de um déficit no sistema magnocelular visual (Garcia et al, 2019;Stein & Walsh, 1997;Vilhena, Guimarães, Guimarães, Pinheiro, 2021a). A nomenclatura 'síndrome de Irlen' é comumente utilizada na área da Educação no Brasil.…”

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Efeito das lâminas espectrais (overlays) em parâmetros visuais e na habilidade de leitura: revisão integrativa de 1980 a 2008

Guimarães

Vilhena

Guimarães

et al. 2021

RSD

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Pessoas com estresse visual, síndrome de Irlen, utilizam as lâminas espectrais (spectral overlays) para reduzir as distorções visuais e prevenir o desconforto visual durante a leitura. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa de 1980 a 2008 sobre o efeito das lâminas espectrais nos parâmetros visuais e na habilidade de leitura, sintetizando os principais resultados de cada artigo. Foram incluídos 36 artigos, lidos na íntegra, que utilizaram as Irlen Overlays ou as Intuitive Overlays. A década de 1980 foi caracterizada pela criação das Irlen Overlays pela psicóloga Helen Irlen, assim como as primeiras pesquisas e dissertações. A década de 1990 foi marcada pela criação das Intuitive Overlays, do Rate of Reading Test (Teste de Taxa de Leitura) e por estudos científicos com maior rigor metodológico. A década de 2000 foi caracterizada pela consolidação dos estudos internacionais sobre o estresse visual e o efeito das lâminas espectrais, em especial na Inglaterra e na Austrália. Esta síntese das três primeiras décadas de pesquisa sobre o uso de overlays oferece um recorte temporal importante dos estudos que precedem o início das pesquisas no Brasil. O uso das lâminas espectrais demonstrou ter respaldo na literatura como um instrumento de intervenção eficiente para reduzir o estresse visual e melhorar a leitura. Espera-se contribuir com o resgate histórico dessas pesquisas para que os futuros estudos tenham delineamentos que reproduzam os estudos internacionais e que superem as inerentes limitações metodológicas.

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Magnocellular visual function in developmental dyslexia: deficit in frequency-doubling perimetry and ocular motor skills

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Reading skills in children with Irlen Syndrome

Reading skills in children with Irlen Syndrome

Towards a Comprehensive Account of Rhythm Processing Issues in Developmental Dyslexia

Efeito das lâminas espectrais (overlays) em parâmetros visuais e na habilidade de leitura: revisão integrativa de 1980 a 2008

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