Technology, teaching, and the future of ophthalmology and the ophthalmologist

Kara-Júnior, Newton

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20180036

“…This will further reduce the chances of personal and environmental error and provide a faster and cheaper method for diagnosing biological samples and organ transportation. 24 To upgrade healthcare with technology, Emvolio can be an aid that can make the patient the point of care. It has the ability to support the diagnostics of one's health at home and transport the sample to their physician at a far-off laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emvolio - A battery operated portable refrigerator preserves biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples in preclinical studies

Maity

¹

,

Aakriti

²

,

Manandhar

³

et al. 2023

F1000Res

0

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Background: Emvolio is a non-medical device, indigenously developed portable refrigeration for maintaining the internal temperature 2–8˚C. The Indian Patent Office has granted patent for applications such as preservation and transport of medicines, vaccines, food, beverages, dairy etc. Further, use of Emvolio can be utilized in transport and store biologicals to preserve their biochemical and cellular integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples such as rat blood, serum and liver. Methods: The steady temperature was maintained inside the Emvolio, and it was compared to that of thermocol and polypropylene boxes aided with frozen gel packs. The blood and liver samples were isolated from Wistar rats and kept in Emvolio, thermocol and polypropylene boxes for 10 hrs, and the temperature was monitored. The blood parameters, namely red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW), serum parameters like alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen and liver parameters like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase were estimated and compared. Results: Emvolio maintained a constant inner temperature range of 2–8˚C, whereas a significant temperature variation was seen in thermocol and polypropylene boxes. There was no significant deviation in the parameters tested when samples were kept in Emvolio for six hours compared to the zero hour readings. In contrast, there was a significant deviation among the parameters for the samples kept in thermocol and polypropylene boxes for six hours compared to zero hour parameters. Conclusions: Emvolio maintained constant temperature and preserved the biological integrity of rat blood, serum and liver. Thus, Emvolio can be efficiently used as a biological sample carrier, especially in preclinical studies.

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“…This could help transform an untenable health system into a tenable one. This will further reduce the chances of personal and environmental error and provide a faster and cheaper method for diagnosing biological samples and organ transportation 24 . To upgrade healthcare with technology, Emvolio can be an aid that can make the patient the point of care.…”

Section: Analytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emvolio - A battery operated portable refrigerator preserves biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples in preclinical studies

Maity

¹

,

Aakriti

²

,

Manandhar

³

et al. 2022

F1000Res

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Emvolio is a non-medical device, indigenously developed portable refrigeration for maintaining the internal temperature 2–8˚C. The Indian Patent Office has granted patent for applications such as preservation and transport of medicines, vaccines, food, beverages, dairy etc. Further, use of Emvolio can be utilized in transport and store biologicals to preserve their biochemical and cellular integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples such as rat blood, serum and liver. Methods: The steady temperature was maintained inside the Emvolio, and it was compared to that of thermocol and polypropylene boxes aided with frozen gel packs. The blood and liver samples were isolated from Wistar rats and kept in Emvolio, thermocol and polypropylene boxes for 10 hrs, and the temperature was monitored. The blood parameters, namely red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW), serum parameters like alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen and liver parameters like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase were estimated and compared. Results: Emvolio maintained a constant inner temperature range of 2–8˚C, whereas a significant temperature variation was seen in thermocol and polypropylene boxes. There was no significant deviation in the parameters tested when samples were kept in Emvolio for six hours compared to the zero hour readings. In contrast, there was a significant deviation among the parameters for the samples kept in thermocol and polypropylene boxes for six hours compared to zero hour parameters. Conclusions: Emvolio maintained constant temperature and preserved the biological integrity of rat blood, serum and liver. Thus, Emvolio can be efficiently used as a biological sample carrier, especially in preclinical studies.

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“…When the doctor would be around 34 years old, he could then begin to build their personal life and invest in their own practice. (20,21) Although there are many variables in the teaching conditions and training options in public institutions, we believe that, in general, without additional financial support, it is complicated for a young doctor to specialize in Ophthalmology and, eventually, take a subspecialization through the institution's private companies, which are the fastest-growing concerning the offer of vacancies.…”

Section: Conclusion and Considerations About The Future Of The Ophtha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the cost of training an ophthalmologist in Brazil

Kara-Júnior¹,

Scherer²

2022

Revista Brasileira De Oftalmologia

2

0

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Introduction: It is estimated that 23% of the Brazilian population does not have access to an ophthalmologist, mainly because of the irregular geographical distribution of experts. It may be expensive to train ophthalmologists in Brazil.Objective: To estimate the cost of training an ophthalmologist and the labor market conditions so that the provider recovers the investment.Methods: Epidemiological study in databases from governmental sources and institutions related to the eye health system regulation. Results:The cost for training an ophthalmologist would be equal to R$ 592.272,00. After specialization, if the provider pledged all his/her income to recover the amount spent on training, it would take 5.2 years to reach the point of equilibrium. Conclusion:Young doctors from families unable to afford the cost of their education and support for at least 14 years after the beginning of the undergraduate course will hardly be able to specialize in Ophthalmology if they are unable to carry out their studies in public educational institutions. And those who can specialize are likely to choose to practice their profession in large urban centers, where most of the job opportunities are available, to at least recover the financial investment in training in the medium term. RESUMOIntrodução: Estima-se que 23% da população brasileira não tenha acesso ao oftalmologista, devido, principalmente, à falta de recursos do Sistema Público de Saúde e à distribuição geográfica irregular dos especialistas. É possível que seja caro formar oftalmologistas no Brasil. Assim, é compreensível que a maioria dos profissionais optem para ficar próximos dos grandes centros consumidores, onde estão as melhores remunerações.Objetivo: Estimar o custo para a formação de um oftalmologista e as condições do mercado de trabalho para que ele recupere o investimento.Métodos: estudo epidemiológico em bases de dados de fontes governamentais e de instituições relacionadas à regulamentação do sistema de saúde ocular.Resultados: Estimou-se que o custo para formação de um oftalmologista seja de R$ 592.272,00. Após a especialização, caso ele empenhe todo seu rendimento para reaver o valor gasto em sua formação, precisaria de 5,2 anos para atingir o ponto de equilíbrio.Conclusão: Jovens médicos oriundos de famílias incapazes de arcar com o custo de sua formação e de seu sustento, por pelo menos 14 anos após o início da graduação, dificilmente conseguirão se especializar em Oftalmologia, se não conseguirem realizar seus estudos em instituições públicas de ensino. E aqueles que conseguem se especializar, provavelmente optem por exercer a profissão em grandes centros urbanos, onde está a maior parte das oportunidades de trabalho, a fim de, a médio prazo, conseguir, pelo menos, recuperar o investimento financeiro na formação.

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Technology, teaching, and the future of ophthalmology and the ophthalmologist

Cited by 8 publications

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Emvolio - A battery operated portable refrigerator preserves biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples in preclinical studies

Emvolio - A battery operated portable refrigerator preserves biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples in preclinical studies

Emvolio - A battery operated portable refrigerator preserves biochemical and haematological integrity of biological samples in preclinical studies

Estimating the cost of training an ophthalmologist in Brazil

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