<i>In vitro</i> multiplication of <i>Swietenia macrophylla</i> King (Meliaceae) from juvenile shoots.

Abstract

Big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) is an important species for timber production that is considered the most valuable in the world. For this reason its exploitation is indiscriminate and leads this species to the risk of extinction. Moreover, mahogany is difficult to regenerate naturally and, when used in reforestation programs, plants are severely damaged by the shoot-borer (Hypsipyla grandella Zellar). This work aimed at developing the multiplication stage of micropropagation of Swietenia macrophylla King using juvenile material. After desinfestation, seeds were germinated in MS solid culture medium. Shoot formation from seeds occurred during five months, giving 5.54 nodal segments per seed. These explants were excised, each containing one axillary bud, and transferred on multiplication media. Four experiments with cytokinins were conducted, using media supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.5 to 50.0 μM), 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP) (0; 1.1 to 8.8 μM), combinations of BAP (0; 2.5 to 50.0 μM) and 2-iP (2.2 μM). For the first treatments the basal culture medium was MS medium and in the last one MS and QL media were used in separate experiments. When BAP was tested alone, the maximum point of multiplication rate average was obtained on medium containing 23.61 µM, while 2-iP did not induce bud multiplication. On QL culture medium supplemented with the combinations of BAP (0; 2.5; 5.0; 10.0 e 20.0 μM ) and 2-iP (2.2 μM), there was no multiplication. The maximum point of multiplication rate average was 5.7 µM, obtained when the MS culture medium was supplemented with 18.51 µM BAP and 2.2 µM 2-iP.

Protocolo para obtenção de plantas de Cedrela odorata L. através da cultura de tecidos

“…Para comprimento das brotações os dois segmentos apresentaram maior desenvolvimento quando submetidos à concentração de 1 mg.L -1 de BAP com comprimento médio de 1,96 cm/explante para o segmento apical e 0,92 cm/explante para o segmento nodal. Superioridade no número de brotos foi observado por Schottz (2007)…”

Micropropagación de clones superiores de caoba (Swietenia macrophylla King) a partir de segmentos nodales

“…Además, presenta una copa estrecha que mantiene sus hojas durante la mayor parte de la estación seca, lo que la hace adecuada para combinarla con cultivos como el café, el cacao, la vainilla y pastizales arbolados. Tiene un rango de distribución amplio y en Costa Rica se puede cultivar desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1 300 m de elevación, tanto en zonas secas como húmedas (Corea, 2012;Maruyama et al, 1997;Schottz et al, 2007). Es una especie forestal nativa de rápido crecimiento, con alto valor y demanda en el en el mercado nacional e internacional y tiene aceptación por parte de los consumidores, es la especie forestal nativa económicamente más importante en Latinoamérica (Corea, 2012).…”

“…Es una especie maderable de las más valoradas a nivel mundial por su belleza, ductilidad y durabilidad, se usa en la fabricación de muebles de alta calidad, construcción de botes y carpintería entre otros (Maruyama et al, 1997;Schottz et al, 2007).…”