Amazon Fund: financing deforestation avoidance

Marcovitch, Jacques; Pinsky, Vanessa Cuzziol

doi:10.5700/rausp1146

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Several qualitative studies are focused on the governance and implementation of REDD+ programs (Bolin, Mustalahti, Boyd, & Paavola, 2012;Marcovitch & Pinsky, 2014;Peskett, Schreckenberg, & Brown, 2011). Others focus on the political dimensions of REDD+ in light of forest tenure and carbon rights (Larson et al, 2013;Lyster, 2011;Sandbrook, Nelson, Adam, & Agrawal, 2010;Schroeder, 2010), social safeguards (McDermott, Coad, Helfgott, & Schroeder, 2012), major drivers of deforestation (Hansen, Lund, & Treue, 2009), and the implementation of MRV systems (Gupta, Lövbrand, Turnhout, & Vijge, 2012;Herold & Skutsch, 2011).…”

Section: Gap In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil

2019

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I am also grateful to FAPESP (Processes 2014/11950-2 and 2014/21877-0) and CAPES (Pró-Adm Project) for granting the scholarships and for the financial support to carry out this study. These scholarships allowed me to devote myself full-time to this research and academic activities at FEA/USP. Thank you to my parents, Dirce and Leonardo, for teaching me the value of hard work, honesty, and for always supporting me in everything that was possible, despite the difficulties.I am very proud of everything they have done for me. Thank you for all your encouragement! And last but by no means least, thank you to Daniel, the father of my two little boys and my life partner, who was the most enthusiastic person during my PhD journey. He has always believed in my ability, often more than myself, and always gave me full support and encouragement. He was also a major contributor to this study by several times reviewing my research model, making suggestions, reading and editing. Thank you! ABSTRACT Pinsky, V. C. (2017). Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil (PhD thesis). Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.Climate change is a daunting problem that results in actions-interactions from a number of actors in complex global systems, which require multi-level governance and a myriad of national policies. Academics and policy makers alike have been grappling with how to devise effective strategies on the international coordination of climate change policies. It is challenging because climate change problems involve actors with different positions, interests and motivation to cooperate due to the risks involved, the uncertainty and the high costs of adaptation and mitigation. Deforestation is the second largest source of GHG emissions. Success in this area can have a large impact on mitigation. This study focuses on the case of REDD+, a large scale governance experiment in climate finance and a promising costeffective mitigation mechanism to motivate developing countries to implement policy approaches to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. REDD+ is considered a breakthrough mechanism in international cooperation under the UNFCCC regime as it was designed to be performance-based. Brazil is the world's largest recipient and has the most important REDD+ experiment -the Amazon Fund. The lack of developed theory in this domain led to the use of grounded theory methodology to understand the REDD+ governance process in Brazil. The 'REDD+ Governance Theoretical Framework' emerged from the data. It is a substantive theory formed by seven major categories (Governance, Strategy, Financing, Implementation, Participation of stakeholders, Joint action and Collective learning) that are related to each other and explain the phenomenon. This study suggests that the lack of institutional arrangements to stimulate collective learning and incorporate lessons learned from the ground experience has been a major constraint on improving its g...

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Section: Gap In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously collected research data was used as secondary data to reinforce and validate the findings, as recommended by Glaser and Strauss (1967). This secondary data refers to in-depth interviews conducted in 2013 with experts on the Amazon Fund (Marcovitch & Pinsky, 2014).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil

2019

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“…Essa baixa capacidade de execução dos fundos recebidos dos doadores também foi evidenciada por Marcovitch & Pinsky (2014) em pesquisa conduzida com especialistas. Na ocasião, o Fundo Amazônia, que já estava em operação há cinco anos, apresentava um volume significativo da carteira de projetos mas com baixo percentual de desembolso.…”

Section: A Experiência Do Fundo Amazôniaunclassified

“…O levantamento feito com especialistas para identificar os principais aspectos de gestão do Fundo Amazônia, que deveriam ser revistos com o objetivo de facilitar a utilização do potencial de investimento do fundo, também apontou a necessidade de criação de indicadores de acompanhamento de resultados que permitissem comparação entre as diferentes iniciativas, e agrupamento dos resultados com uma visão de programa. Além disso, especialistas argumentaram sobre a necessidade do BNDES prover assistência técnica na elaboração das propostas de proponentes qualificados (Marcovitch & Pinsky, 2014 Nessa perspectiva, o Fundo Amazônia tem trabalhado nos últimos anos com uma equipe dedicada da Agências de Cooperação Internacional Alemã (GIZ), por meio de um acordo de cooperação técnica, com foco no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de aferição de resultados. Essa iniciativa, além dos recursos do governo da Alemanha, passou a contar com o financiamento do governo da Noruega desde 2015 para a promoção de capacitação técnica de parceiros executores de projetos (entidades governamentais), avaliações independentes, e apoio técnico à equipe do BNDES.…”

Section: A Experiência Do Fundo Amazôniaunclassified

Un retrato de la Amazonia planetaria

Marcovitch

Pinsky

2019

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Coordenadora adjunta e professora na FIA Business School (Brasil). RESUMO: Zerar o desmatamento ilegal até 2030 e restaurar doze milhões de hectares de florestas são duas das metas assumidas pelo Brasil no Acordo de Paris ratificado em 2016. Este texto analisa as lições acumuladas na gestão do Fundo Amazônia e no sistema de monitoramento de florestas tropicais. Em seguida, identifica as causas do desmatamento, cujo ritmo voltou a aumentar nos últimos anos. Para enfrentar essas causas, além de elevar a consciência dos riscos ambientais, é recomendado o adensamento da capacidade científica instalada na Amazônia, além de desenvolver novas competências humanas. Competências capazes de articular ações duradouras nas áreas de florestas, energia, infraestrutura e inovação. Ações que promovem novos polos de desenvolvimento, estimulem a cooperação internacional e aumentem a oferta de empregos para honrar o compromisso de reduzir em 38% as emissões de gases de efeito estufa até 2035 e superar as metas almejadas na esfera da floresta tropical. RESUMEN: Reducir a cero la deforestación ilegal en 2030 y promover la restauración de doce millones de hectáreas de bosques son dos de los objetivos fijados por Brasil en el Acuerdo de París que fue ratificado en 2016. Este documento analiza las lecciones acumuladas en la gestión del Fondo Amazonia y el sistema de monitorización de los bosques tropicales. A continuación, se identifican las causas de la deforestación, cuyo ritmo viene aumentando nuevamente en los últimos años. Para hacer frente a estas causas y aumentar la percepción de los riesgos ambientales, se recomienda una consolidación de la capacidad científica instalada en la Amazonia, además del desarrollo de nuevas habilidades humanas. Estas habilidades son capaces de articular una acción de larga duración en las áreas de silvicultura, energía, infraestructura e innovación. Estas acciones promueven nuevos polos y centros de desarrollo, estimulan la cooperación internacional y aumentan la oferta de puestos de trabajo, sirviendo para que se cumpla el compromiso de reducir en un 38% las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero para el año 2035 y superar las metas planteadas en la esfera de los bosques tropicales Amazónicos.

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“…It is hosted by the National Development Bank (BNDES) and proposals undergo routine procedures with bottlenecks in several stages of the process (i.e., no deadlines for analysis and disbursements). In addition, institutional characteristics of BNDES, one of the largest public investment banks funded by the Brazilian National Treasury, have generated some questions of legitimacy in the management of funds, once the bank is responsible for funding the main activities that cause the deforestation in the Amazon (i.e., large-scale hydroelectric dams; livestock and agriculture activities) [123].…”

Section: Payments For Ecosystems Services (Pes) and Access To Financimentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Rewards and Punishments in the Brazilian Amazon: Practical Implications of the REDD+ Discourse

Gebara

Agrawal

2017

Forests

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Abstract:Through different policies and measures reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation and enhancing conservation (REDD+) has grown into a way to induce behavior change of forest managers and landowners in tropical countries. We argue that debates around REDD+ in Brazil have typically highlighted rewards and punishments, obscuring other core interventions and strategies that are also critically important to reach the goal of reducing deforestation, supporting livelihoods, and promoting conservation (i.e., technology transfer and capacity building). We adopt Foucault's concepts of governmentality and technologies of governance to provide a reading of the REDD+ discourse in Brazil and to offer an historical genealogy of the rewards and punishments approach. By analyzing practical elements from REDD+ implementation in the Brazilian Amazon, our research provides insights on the different dimensions in which smallholders react to rewards and punishments. In doing so, we add to the debate on governmentality, supplementing its focus on rationalities of governance with attention to the social practices in which such rationalities are embedded. Our research also suggests that the techniques of remuneration and coercion on which a rewards and punishments approach relies are only supporting limited behavioral changes on the ground, generating negative adaptations of deforestation practices, reducing positive feedbacks and, perhaps as importantly, producing only short-term outcomes at the expense of positive long-term land use changes. Furthermore, the approach ignores local heterogeneities and the differences between the agents engaging in forest clearing in the Amazon. The practical elements of the REDD+ discourse in Brazil suggest the rewards and punishments approach profoundly limits our understanding of human behavior by reducing the complex and multi-dimensional to a linear and rational simplicity. Such simplification leads to an underestimation of smallholders' capacity to play a key role in climate mitigation and adaptation. We conclude by highlighting the importance of looking at local heterogeneities and capacities and the need to promote trust, altruism and responsibility towards others and future generations.

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Amazon Fund: financing deforestation avoidance

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil

Experimentalist governance in climate finance: the case of REDD+ in Brazil

Un retrato de la Amazonia planetaria

Beyond Rewards and Punishments in the Brazilian Amazon: Practical Implications of the REDD+ Discourse

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