Medidas De Condutividade Hidráulica E Movimento De Água No Solo Por Anéis Concêntricos E Infiltrômetro De Tensão

Köhne, J. Maximilian; Júnior, José Alves; Köhne, Sigrid; Tiemeyer, Bärbel; Lennartz, Bernd; Kruse, Jens

doi:10.5216/pat.v41i3.11376

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Because the canals are unlined and shallow (15-30 cm) and frequently scrapped during cleaning, we assumed that their permeability was similar to the soil on adjacent farms. We measured Ksat with a double ring infiltrometer (Köhne et al, 2011). Soil samples for texture analysis were collected from the same subplots.…”

Section: Soil Physical and Hydraulic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Traditional Irrigation Canals and Their Discharge Dynamics at the Southern Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro

Kimaro

Scharsich

Kolb

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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On the southern slopes of Mt.Kilimanjaro like in many other regions in East Africa, agriculture strongly depends on irrigation. Water is supplied to farms by an extensive network of open unlined canals, most of them built centuries ago. However, information about the distribution of these irrigation canals and the dynamics of their discharge is rare thus hampering the implementation of sustainable solutions for agricultural water management. We suppose that several factors like topography, soil properties, shifts of cropping patterns, and weak institutions affect availability and management of agricultural water. Therefore, in this study we determined (i) the distribution of irrigation canals, (ii) their discharge patterns, and (iii) constraints to their sustainable management. Mixed-method approach consisting of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was used. The discharge of canals was measured at 11 locations along an altitudinal gradient and selected canals were mapped to understanding their distribution, physical characteristics, and potential risks that limits their optimal discharge. Terrain attributes were derived from the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and soil physical and hydraulic conductivity were measured to understand permeability and stability of the soil. Additionally, we conducted focus group discussions with participants from 15 villages and 10 key informants interviews. We found that during the dry season the discharge of canals was higher than in the short rainy season. The discharge of canals increased with decreasing elevation. The median daily discharges equaled 12.6, 9.5, and 7.0 l/s in the lower, mid and upper areas, respectively. Landscape in the central part of the study area was the steepest (slope > 60%) and the roughest (Topographic Ruggedness Index > 80 m).We attribute this to terrain heterogeneity across the landscape, thus community decisions about distribution and maintenance of canals could differ across different villages. Furthermore, current shifts of cropping patterns increased irrigation water demands. Both formal and informal water institutions were constrained with several challenges that affected overall management of canals and their sources. Findings of this study could contribute to various efforts dedicated to improve management of water resources around Mt. Kilimanjaro.

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Section: Soil Physical and Hydraulic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Traditional Irrigation Canals and Their Discharge Dynamics at the Southern Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro

Kimaro

Scharsich

Kolb

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Infiltrometer tests enable the estimation of infiltration rate (infiltration capacity) as the maximum rate at which soil will absorb water impounded on the surface at a shallow depth, when adequate precautions are taken regarding boundary effects (Richards, 1952;Johnson, 1963). In the study area, a double ring infiltrometer was used which creates vertical (one-dimensional) flow of water beneath the inner ring and simplifies interpretation of measurements (Köhne et al 2011) ( fig. 2a).…”

Section: Infiltrometer Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeological investigation of landslides Urbas and Čikla above the settlement of Koroška Bela (NW Slovenia)

Janža¹,

Serianz²,

Šram³

et al. 2018

Geologija

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The area above the settlement of Koroška Bela is highly prone to slope mass movements and poses a high risk for the safety of the settlement. To get an insight into the hydrogeological conditions and processes which can affect mass movements in this area, hydrogeological investigations, including hydrogeological mapping, discharge measurements of springs, performance of infiltrometer and slug tests were performed. The results of these investigations show complex and heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions, predisposed by geological and tectonic setting and active mass movements which cannot be uniformly described. Observed large fluctuations in the rate of discharge of springs and groundwater level in observation wells are highly dependent on meteorological conditions. Estimated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is relatively high (2×10 -4 m/s) and reflects the loose structure and high content of organic matter in the upper part of the forest soil. Hydraulic conductivity of more permeable sections of boreholes is in general higher in the upper parts, in predominantly gravel layers (in range from 2×10 -3 to 1×10 -5 m/s), than in the deeper clayey gravel parts (3×10 -5 to 1×10 -7 m/s). In the area of the Čikla landslide the average hydraulic conductivity is estimated at 8.99×10 -4 m/s and is higher than in the area of the Urbas landslide (3.05×10 -4 m/s). IzvlečekNa območju nad naseljem Koroška Bela je velika nevarnost nastanka pobočnih masnih premikov, kar predstavlja tveganje za varnost naselja. Za razumevanje hidrogeoloških pogojev in procesov, ki lahko vplivajo na masne premike na tem območju, so bile izvedene hidrogeološke raziskave, ki so vključevale hidrogeološko kartiranje, meritve pretokov izvirov ter izvedbo infiltrometrskih in nalivalnih preizkusov. Rezultati raziskav kažejo zapletene in heterogene hidrogeološke razmere, pogojene z geološkimi in tektonskimi značilnostmi širšega območja ter aktivnimi masnimi premiki, ki jih ni mogoče enoznačno opisati. Opazovana velika nihanja pretokov izvirov in gladine podzemne vode v opazovalnih vrtinah so močno odvisna od meteoroloških razmer. Ocenjeni koeficient prepustnosti tal je relativno visok (2×10 -4 m/s) in odraža rahla tla z visoko vsebnostjo organske snovi, ki so značilna za gozd. Koeficient prepustnosti bolje prepustnih odsekov vrtin je v splošnem višji v zgornjih delih, v plasteh s prevladujočim gruščem (v razponu med 2×10 -3 in 1×10 -5 m/s), kot v globljih delih vrtin, v zaglinjenih plasteh (med 3×10 -5 in 1×10 -7 m/s). Na območju plazu Čikla je ocenjen povprečni koeficient prepustnosti 8.99×10 -4 m/s in je višji kot na območju plazu Urbas (3.05×10 -4 m/s). GEOLOGIJA 61/2, 191-203, Ljubljana 2018

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“…It is a smaller version of the voltage infiltrometer, which uses voltage (low vacuum) to prevent the applied water from entering the macropores. However, various sources suggest that the results could vary significantly [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Variability in Compacted and Uncompacted Soil Using Two Devices

Jobbágy

Krištof

Angelovič

et al. 2023

Water

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Infiltration is defined by the expression of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil, which we decided to monitor on an experimental field applying a modern system of land management (control traffic farming). The present study compared two different methods of monitoring the hydraulic conductivity of soil on a selected 16 ha plot of land in the suburbs of the village Kolíňany (Slovak Republic). During the growing seasons, crops such as oilseed rape, winter wheat, spring barley, winter barley, spring peas, and maize alternated in individual years. In addition to the study of hydraulic conductivity, a long-term experiment is underway to investigate the influence of technogenic factors on soil degradation using a system of controlled movement of machines in the field. A mini disk infiltrometer (method one) was used to evaluate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil, and a double ring infiltrometer (method two) was used to measure the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Monitoring changes in soil infiltration capacity within the compacted and uncompacted lines required 26 monitoring points (20 for method one and 6 for method two). The first longitudinal line was compacted by an agricultural machinery chassis, and the second line remained uncompressed. The research also created transverse compacted lines at eight monitoring points (six for method one and two for method two). The results did not show a statistically significant difference when examining the effect of soil infiltration monitoring (compacted p = 0.123; uncompacted p = 0.99). When evaluating the statistical dependence on the compression caused by machinery in the track line, the hypothesis of significance was not confirmed (p = 0.12, at the level of 0.05). However, the results showed variability in the value of the difference factor between the two methods, ranging from 0 to 0.24. On average, it can be concluded that the results achieved using the double ring infiltrometer were 4.16 times higher than those measured with the mini disk infiltrometer. The variability of hydraulic conductivity was demonstrated not only in the compacted but also in the non-compacted part of the plot. In some places, the phenomenon of water repellency appeared, which could be caused by the drier location of the targeted plot.

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Medidas De Condutividade Hidráulica E Movimento De Água No Solo Por Anéis Concêntricos E Infiltrômetro De Tensão

Abstract: Thus K s is an important soil physical property for various agronomic, engineering, and environmental problems. It is also a key parameter in the design and performance assessment of irrigation and drainage systems, earthen waste impoundments,

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Distribution of Traditional Irrigation Canals and Their Discharge Dynamics at the Southern Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro

Distribution of Traditional Irrigation Canals and Their Discharge Dynamics at the Southern Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro

Hydrogeological investigation of landslides Urbas and Čikla above the settlement of Koroška Bela (NW Slovenia)

Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Variability in Compacted and Uncompacted Soil Using Two Devices

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