Potencial De Produção De Gás Metano E Dióxido De Carbono in Vitro Dos Ingredientes Utilizados Em Dietas Para Ovinos

Animal Physiology Nutrition

Pereira

Pedreira

et al. 2019

The effect of exogenous amylase on the in vitro rumen digestion kinetics of wholecrop maize silage made from dent (RB9004) or flint grain type (RB9308) was evaluated at different phenological stages: soft dough (SOD), early dent (EAD), ½ milkline (½M) and ¾ milkline (¾M). Forage was harvested from 70 to 110 days after sowing. Two rumen-cannulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7 g/kg dry matter-DM, provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units of amylase activity/kg of TMR DM) were used as donor of ruminal fluid. The in vitro gas production kinetics was evaluated according to a dual-pool logistic model. The chemical composition and gas production kinetics were affected by the hybrid and phenological stages. The flint hybrid had lower range for chemical analysis among physiological stages. Harvesting at ½M and ¾M improved DM content, bromatological composition and silage quality parameters compared to dent or flint types. Amylase (i) increased methane (CH 4 ) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in ½M stage, (ii) improved digestion kinetics by reducing lag time and increasing total gas production and fermentation rates of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and fibrous carbohydrates (FC), and (iii) increased extent and fermentation rate of NFC and increased fermentation rate of FC fraction in whole-crop maize silages produced from dent or flint types in all phenological stages. Harvesting between ½M and ¾M is the best phenological stage to improve chemical composition and silage quality parameters. Exogenous amylase showed improvements on fibre digestion of silages at ½M and ¾M phenological stages in both grain types of corn. K E Y W O R D S carbohydrates, digestibility, enzyme, harvesting time, methane | 77 SILVA et AL. How to cite this article: Silva AS, Pereira LGR, Pedreira MDS, et al. Effects of exogenous amylase on the in vitro digestion kinetics of whole-crop maize silages made from flint or dent grain type at different phenological stages grown in tropical condition.

Section: Ph Methane Production and Digestibility After 24 Hr Of Insupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Ph Methane Production and Digestibility After 24 Hr Of Insupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of exogenous amylase on the in vitro digestion kinetics of whole‐crop maize silages made from flint or dent grain type at different phenological stages grown in tropical condition

Animal Physiology Nutrition

Pereira

Pedreira

et al. 2019

“…All forages caused a decrease in the levels of methane as the levels of added glycerin increased. Morgado et al (2013) stated that the potential to produce CH 4 and CO 2 was related to the chemical composition of the feeds; rapidly fermentable ingredients tended to produce minor amounts of CH 4 g -1 dry mass in comparison with fermented ingredients with higher fiber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b><i>In vitro</i> degradation and gas production of glycerin generated in the biodiesel production chain

Bezerra

et al. 2015

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

ABSTRACT. This study was realized to evaluate the production of gas and volatile fatty acids when glycerin was used to replace four forage species through the use of a semi-automated technique in vitro. The experimental design included 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of glycerin (0, 30, 50 and 70%), which was used to replace the forage plants Elephant grass, sugar cane silage, corn silage and Brachiaria grass. Replacement of the Brachiaria and Elephant grasses with glycerin linearly reduced the production of methane and carbon dioxide and ammonia nitrogen and had a positive effect on forage quality (p < 0.05). With the addition of glycerin, the values for acetate concentration decreased (p < 0.05); however, when added glycerin there was increased in propionic and butyric acid concentration (p < 0.05). Substitution of forage species for glycerin by tests for semi-automatic technique in vitro reduce the production of greenhouse gases (CH 4 and CO 2 ) which reduction in energy loss, and increase volatile fatty acids propionic and butyric.Keywords: acetate, butyrate, N-NH 3 , propionate, VFAs.Degradação e produção de gases in vitro de glicerina da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel RESUMO. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a produção de gás e ácidos graxos voláteis da glicerina em substituição à quatro espécies forrageiras pela técnica semi-automática in vitro. O delineamento experimental incluiu 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis crescentes de glicerina (0, 30, 50 e 70%), em substituição às forrageiras capim Elefante, cana-de-açúcar, silagem de milho e Braquiária. A substituição das gramíneas forrageiras capim Brachiaria e capim Elefante pela glicerina afetou a produção de metano, dióxido de carbono e nitrogênio amoniacal e teve um efeito positivo sobre a qualidade da forragem (p < 0,05). Com a adição de glicerina, os valores da concentração de acetato reduziram (p < 0,05). Todavia, a adição de glicerina aumentou as concentrações de ácido propiônico e butírico (p < 0,05). A substituição de espécies forrageira pela glicerina através da técnica semiautomática in vitro reduz a produção de gases de efeito estufa (CH 4 e CO 2 ) que diminuirá a perda de energia e eleva os ácidos graxos voláteis propiônico e butírico.Palavras-chave: acetato, butirato, N-NH 3 , propionato, AGVs.

“…The total gas production and the proportion of CH 4 and CO 2 from rumen fermentation can vary depending on the diet used. The potential to produce CH 4 and CO 2 chemical composition of the diets, wherein feeds rapidly fermentable tended to produce minor amounts of CH 4 g -1 dry mass in comparison with fermented ingredients with higher fiber (MORGADO et al, 2013). Reviewing the substitution levels for each byproduct, it appeared that the regression model that best explained the CH 4 production of the cottonseed cake (P = 0.0059), moringa cake (P<0001) and sunflower cake (P<0001) was quadratic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gases, short-chain fatty acids and ruminal pH in vitro of biodiesel byproducts to replace corn silage

Medeiros

Bezerra

Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.

et al. 2015

SUMMARY The aim of the study was evaluate the production potential for methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), short-chain fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH by semi-automated techniquein vitro from biodiesel byproducts cottonseed cake (Gossypium hirsutum), castor bean (Ricinus communis), moringa cake (Moringa oleifera), jatropha cake (Jatropha curcas) and sunflower cake (Helianthus annuus) substituting corn silage in increasing levels, 0, 30, 50 and 70%. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement (byproducts and substitution levels). The inoculum for the in vitro incubations was obtained from three Holstein cows with rumen fistulas. In the experiment, the conditions were verified for the differences in potential gas production among the ingredients. The byproduct of cotton was the ingredient with the greatest potential to produce acetate, butyrate, CO2 and CH4. The byproduct of moringa had the lowest potential for the production of acetate, butyrate, CO2 and CH4 from in vitro degraded dry matter and a greater potential for the production of propionate. Among the byproducts studied, moringa was distinguished for promoting mitigation of CH4 and obtaining levels of pH and N-NH3 satisfactory for maximum rumen fermentation; thus, it is recommended the byproduct of moringa to replace corn silage because reduces environmental impact without impairingin vitro rumen fermentation.