The study of kinetics and thermodynamics of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products on agriculture soil

Abstract

KEYWORDSPollution of the aquatic environment by human and veterinary waste pharmaceuticals is an increasing area of concern but little is known about their ecotoxicological effects on wildlife. In this study, three pharmaceuticals were selected (ibuprofen, amoxicillin and caffeine) as examples that are released in the environment. All of them are marketed in the Palestinian market (Pharmacies), private clinics and hospitals. The adsorption of the selected pharmaceuticals was examined by batch sorption experiments onto agriculture soil. Pharmaceuticals adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption model. Adsorption isotherms were best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model. The "n" parameters were higher than 1 and the Kf values for all of them were less than 1. High removal rates of amoxicillin and ibuprofen were achieved in acidic media (pH = 1-4) and reached more than 88% Except for the caffeine increased at higher pH and reached more than 92%. The thermodynamics parameters showed that the adsorption process on soil was spontaneous and exothermic. Soil Slurries Diffusion Isotherm Adsorption Pharmaceuticals

Synthesis, characterization and comparative study the antibacterial activities of some imine-amoxicillin derivatives

“…On the other hand, when we show the results of activity against Escherichia coli, Figure 4, we observed some important notes: the first that all compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) in all concentrations have good activity against this bacteria and this inhibition increases with increasing the concentration of compounds. The second is the compound 5 has good activity compared to others.…”

“…it is active against a wide range of Gram-positive, and a limited range of Gram-negative organisms [2]. It is also found that amoxicillin and its derivatives are very importance in many research studies, such as pharmaceutical and biological studies [3][4][5][6].…”

“…Due to the activities associated with amoxicillin and imines, an attempt was made to generate new derivatives containing imine and amoxicillin in the same molecules (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). All the synthesized compounds were further characterized and evaluated for antibacterial activities.…”

Removal of metronidazole from aqueous solution using activated carbon

“…Thermodynamic parameters, including changes in the free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) associated with the adsorption process, can be determined by using the following equations [13][14][15][16][17][18]…”