Biotechnological treatment of effluent from the combined enzymatic-ultrasound scouring of raw wool

Yordanov, Dancho; Betcheva, Rositza; Yotova, Lyubov

doi:10.5155/eurjchem.1.1.12-14.9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…The effluent contains high concentration of soil particles picked up during grazing; wool wax (lanolin) and sweat (source of potassium); additives from scouring and related processes such as detergent residues (anionic or alkylphenolethoxylate non-ionic detergents); pesticide residues. COD reaches 100, 000 mg/l, BOD ranges from 20, 000 to 40, 000 mg/l and the disposal of the sludge generated by the effluent treatment is very difficult to manage [10]. In a recent paper the technical and economic feasibility of anaerobic digestion to produce biogas at a small wool-scouring facility was examined [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Hydrolysis as an Emerging Technology to Turn Wool Waste into Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Zoccola

Montarsolo

Mossotti

et al. 2015

Waste Biomass Valor

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Management of waste wool is a problem related to sheep farming and butchery in Europe. Since the primary role of European flock is meat production, sheep are crossbreds not graded for fine wool production. Their wool is very coarse and contains a lot of kemps (dead fibres), so that it is practically unserviceable for textile uses, and represents a by-product which is mostly disposed off. Green hydrolysis using superheated water is an emerging technology to turn waste wool into amendment-fertilizers for the management of grasslands and other cultivation purposes. In this way wool keratin (the wool protein) is degraded into simpler compounds, tailoring the release speed of nutrients to plants. Wool, when added to the soil, increases the yield of grass grown, absorbs and retains moisture very effectively and reduces run off of contaminants such as pesticides. Moreover, the closed-loop cycle grass-wool-grass is an efficient form of recycling, because the wool-grass step is solar powered and grazing sheep increases soil carbon sequestration on grasslands and fertilisation, if not overused, can enhance the carbon sequestration rate. Economical results of using hydrolysed wool as a fertilizer are expected from the increase of the management yield and the extension of the pasture lands that may contribute to employment and profit of sheep farming, increase European sheep population, and reduce European dependency of imported meat which is forecast to rise in the next years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Hydrolysis as an Emerging Technology to Turn Wool Waste into Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Zoccola

Montarsolo

Mossotti

et al. 2015

Waste Biomass Valor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Sustainable Routes for Wool Grease Removal Using Green Solvent Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether in Solvent Extraction and Biosurfactant Wool Protein Hydrolyzate in Scouring

et al. 2023

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This work focuses on introducing new sustainable chemicals in the wool grease removal processes by aiming to understand the effect of an eco-friendly solvent, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), in solvent-based wool grease extraction and, in addition, the impact of the wool protein hydrolyzate (WPH) as a biosurfactant derived from green hydrolysis in the wool scouring process. In the green solvent extraction process assisted using solvent CPME, the effect of CPME on grease extraction and the presence of four primary fatty acids were evaluated and compared with conventional solvents. The quantity of grease extracted using green solvent CPME was more significant than the conventional solvents. An extraction using green solvent CPME resulted in 11.95% extracted wool grease, which is more when compared with 8.19% hexane and 10.28% diethyl ether. The total quantity of four fatty acids was analyzed and found to be ~15% for CPME ~17% for Hexan compared with ~20% for commercial lanolin. FTIR of CPME-extracted wool grease exhibits primary and distinguishing bands similar to pure wool grease. Wool cleanliness efficiency was morphologically analyzed using SEM, resulting in no fiber degradation or surface alterations. These analyzes indicated that CPME has the potential to be claimed as an effective green alternative to conventional solvents for the extraction of grease and fatty acids. In a sustainable scouring process, WPH was used as a biosurfactant, an eco-friendly alternative. Furthermore, scouring process parameters such as temperature, material-to-liquor ratio, and WPH concentration were optimized for efficient scouring. The wool samples scoured using WPH biosurfactant exhibited nearly similar whiteness and yellowness and washing yield compared with Biotex AL. These results comply with SEM analysis, which showed that WPH-scoured wool had an intact scale structure, a smooth fiber surface, and no wool grease layer. At optimum conditions, WPH reduced the residual grease content of Sopravissana wool from 22.29% to 0.30%, comparable to the commercial biosurfactant Biotex AL. Compared with conventional wool grease removal processes, the green solvent CPME and biosurfactant WPH were considered viable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternatives.

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Biotechnological treatment of effluent from the combined enzymatic-ultrasound scouring of raw wool

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Green Hydrolysis as an Emerging Technology to Turn Wool Waste into Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Green Hydrolysis as an Emerging Technology to Turn Wool Waste into Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Sustainable Routes for Wool Grease Removal Using Green Solvent Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether in Solvent Extraction and Biosurfactant Wool Protein Hydrolyzate in Scouring

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