Formation of Composite Polyaniline and Graphene Oxide by Physical Mixture Method

Abstract

The development of polyaniline and graphene oxide composites aims to join the unique properties of each material for aerospace applications. The present paper demonstrates an easy and quick method, compared to the ones found in the literature, to obtain a composite made with polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, a combination commonly called polyaniline, and graphene oxide. Nowadays, the most common studied methods are electrochemistry and in situ chemical polymerization. Differently from these methods, the films were obtained by a physical mixture of equimolar suspension of graphene oxide (4 mg/mL) with 3 concentrations of polyaniline powder: 25; 50 and 75%, being compared to pure graphene oxide and polyaniline. The morphology and structure behavior of all the films were studied, besides the bonding nature between both materials. The films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The apparent interaction between graphene oxide corrugated sheets and polyaniline grains was verified by scanning electron microscopy images. It can be noticed, as the concentration of polyaniline increases, that more polymer was entrapped. To prove the formation of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques demonstrated the changes on graphene oxide crystallographic plans and on the chemical bonding between polyaniline and graphene oxide, suggesting an interaction between polyaniline and graphene oxide, especially in the composite with 50% polyaniline/50% graphene oxide. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to highlight this effect through the increase in thermal stability. The method of physical mixture was efficient to obtain the polyaniline/ graphene oxide composites.

The Effect of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate-Modified Graphene Oxide as a Nanofiller Material on the Properties of Conductive Polyaniline

“…This widening is yet another indication of the strong PANI-HDI-GO 6 interactions. The combination of the substantial shift of the (002) peak during the formation of PANI/HDI-GO and the reduction in the GO peak height intensity further corroborate the formation of hybrid intercalated nanocomposites, as observed previously [31]. On the whole, the XRD patterns confirm the efficiency of the in situ polymerization process used in this study to facilitate the diffusion of the PANI chains within the interlayer spacing of the HDI-GO nanosheets.…”

Study on Direct Synthesis of Energy Efficient Multifunctional Polyaniline–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite and Its Application in Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitor Devices

“…DBSA is also reported to boost the specific capacitance value of the materials [35]. It is envisaged that aniline and the dopant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of GO and are prone to oxidization by APS, resulting in the formation of PANI chains [34,[36][37][38]. This growth of PANI at the surface of GO sheets is possible because of the enhanced surface area and various oxygen-containing functional groups, which are active sites for polymerization.…”

Purification and Glutaraldehyde Activation Study on HCl-Doped PVA–PANI Copolymers with Different Aniline Concentrations

“…Correlation of previously obtained thermal stability and cross-linking was studied by DSC, in order to observe energy variations associated to interactions of the polymer matrix with the PANI nanoparticles. According to the obtained DSC results (Figure 12), the presence of an endothermic peak at ~200 °C can be attributed to a cross-linking reaction between PVA and PANI at that temperature, where enthalpy changes are inversely proportional to the concentration of chemically linked PANI [32]; indicating that PVA–PANI at low concentration of monomer shows a better cross-linking between the materials. Also, it can be seen that no other prominent transition peaks are shown in the thermogram, indicating that the purified material is amorphous.…”